Separation of mismatch negativity and the N1 wave in the auditory cortex of the cat: a topographic study

OBJECTIVE The amplitude distribution of the frequency mismatch negativity (MMN) and that of P1 and N1 components were investigated in cats to reveal their sources in the auditory areas of the neocortex. METHODS Pure tone stimuli were given in a passive oddball paradigm with different degrees of deviance between the standard and deviant tones. Amplitude maps of event-related potential (ERP) components were generated from the responses, recorded in awake, freely moving animals by a chronically implanted epidural electrode matrix, covering both the primary and secondary auditory fields. RESULTS The P1 and N1 components appeared with highest amplitude on the middle ectosylvian gyrus, while the amplitude maximum of the MMN was ventral and rostral to them on the AII area. Both the latency and the peak amplitude of the MMN depended on the degree of deviance. CONCLUSIONS The MMN is generated in the rostroventral part of the secondary auditory area, well separated from the sources of the P1 and N1 components.

[1]  M. Penttonen,et al.  Auditory cortical event-related potentials to pitch deviances in rats , 1998, Neuroscience Letters.

[2]  M Steinschneider,et al.  Demonstration of mismatch negativity in the monkey. , 1992, Electroencephalography and clinical neurophysiology.

[3]  N. Kraus,et al.  Nonprimary auditory thalamic representation of acoustic change. , 1994, Journal of neurophysiology.

[4]  R J Ilmoniemi,et al.  Tonotopic auditory cortex and the magnetoencephalographic (MEG) equivalent of the mismatch negativity. , 1993, Psychophysiology.

[5]  R. Näätänen,et al.  Mismatch Negativity: Clinical and Other Applications , 2000, Audiology and Neurotology.

[6]  G. Celesia.  Organization of auditory cortical areas in man. , 1976, Brain : a journal of neurology.

[7]  G. Karmos,et al.  Constant intensity sound stimulation with a bone conductor in the freely moving cat. , 1970, Electroencephalography and clinical neurophysiology.

[8]  I. Volkov,et al.  Cochleo- and tonotopic organization of the second auditory cortical area in the cat , 1997, Neuroscience.

[9]  C. Schroeder,et al.  Detection of stimulus deviance within primate primary auditory cortex: intracortical mechanisms of mismatch negativity (MMN) generation , 1994, Brain Research.

[10]  R. Näätänen,et al.  Cortical activity elicited by changes in auditory stimuli: different sources for the magnetic N100m and mismatch responses. , 1991, Psychophysiology.

[11]  R. Näätänen.  Attention and brain function , 1992 .

[12]  Samuel J. Williamson,et al.  Advances in Biomagnetism , 1990, Springer US.

[13]  Vestibular Systems,et al.  Neural mechanisms of the auditory and vestibular systems , 1960 .

[14]  G. Karmos,et al.  Intracortical auditory evoked potentials during classical aversive conditioning in cats , 1988, Biological Psychology.

[15]  P. Chauvel,et al.  Localization of the primary auditory area in man. , 1991, Brain : a journal of neurology.

[16]  M Hoke,et al.  Evoked magnetic responses of the human auditory cortex to minor pitch changes: localization of the mismatch field. , 1992, Electroencephalography and clinical neurophysiology.

[17]  Dominique Morlet,et al.  Mismatch Negativity and N100 in Comatose Patients , 2000, Audiology and Neurotology.

[18]  George R. Mangun,et al.  New Developments in Event-Related Potentials , 1993 .

[19]  K. Alho.  Cerebral Generators of Mismatch Negativity (MMN) and Its Magnetic Counterpart (MMNm) Elicited by Sound Changes , 1995, Ear and hearing.

[20]  R. Levine,et al.  Comparison of cat and human brain-stem auditory evoked potentials. , 1987, Electroencephalography and clinical neurophysiology.

[21]  M Huotilainen,et al.  From objective to subjective: pitch representation in the human auditory cortex. , 1995, Neuroreport.

[22]  D. Javitt,et al.  Impaired mismatch negativity (MMN) generation in schizophrenia as a function of stimulus deviance, probability, and interstimulus/interdeviant interval. , 1998, Electroencephalography and clinical neurophysiology.

[23]  Günter Ehret,et al.  The Central Auditory System , 1996 .

[24]  D. C. Teas,et al.  EVOKED RESPONSES FROM THE AUDITORY CERTEX. , 1964, Experimental neurology.

[25]  T. Ruusuvirta,et al.  ERPs to pitch changes: a result of reduced responses to standard tones in rabbits , 1996, Neuroreport.

[26]  R. Näätänen,et al.  Human auditory-cortex mechanisms of preattentive sound discrimination , 2000, Neuroscience Letters.

[27]  G. Karmos,et al.  Adaptive modeling of the unattended acoustic environment reflected in the mismatch negativity event-related potential , 1996, Brain Research.

[28]  J M Badier,et al.  Evoked potentials recorded from the auditory cortex in man: evaluation and topography of the middle latency components. , 1994, Electroencephalography and clinical neurophysiology.

[29]  R. Ilmoniemi,et al.  Responses of the primary auditory cortex to pitch changes in a sequence of tone pips: Neuromagnetic recordings in man , 1984, Neuroscience Letters.

[30]  Markku Penttonen,et al.  Hippocampal evoked potentials to pitch deviances in an auditory oddball situation in the rabbit: no human mismatch-like dependence on standard stimuli , 1995, Neuroscience Letters.

[31]  C E Schreiner,et al.  Basic functional organization of second auditory cortical field (AII) of the cat. , 1984, Journal of neurophysiology.

[32]  M Molnár,et al.  Evoked potential correlates of stimulus deviance during wakefulness and sleep in cat--animal model of mismatch negativity. , 1987, Electroencephalography and clinical neurophysiology.

[33]  R Hari,et al.  Neuromagnetic mismatch fields to single and paired tones. , 1992, Electroencephalography and clinical neurophysiology.

[34]  M. Scherg,et al.  Frequency-Specific Sources of the Auditory N19-P30-P50 Response Detected by a Multiple Source Analysis of Evoked Magnetic Fields and Potentials , 1989 .