Current train control optimization methods with a view for application in heavy haul railways

Railway operators are continually increasing the length and weight of heavy haul trains to achieve reduced operating costs and increase network capacity. With longer and heavier trains, it becomes increasingly difficult for human operators to control the train optimally. The three main objectives of train control are minimizing journey time, minimizing energy usage, and minimizing in-train dynamics. This article reviews published train control optimization methods used in passenger, freight, and long heavy haul trains with a view of determining which methods would be best applied to the optimization of heavy haul train control.

[1]  Piotr Lukaszewicz.  Energy Consumption and Running Time for Trains : modelling of running resistance and driver behaviour based on full scale testing , 2001 .

[2]  T. Endo,et al.  Application of fuzzy neural network control to automatic train operation and tuning of its control rules , 1995, Proceedings of 1995 IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems..

[3]  Phil Howlett,et al.  Energy-efficient train control , 1994 .

[4]  Robert J. Vanderbei.  Case Studies in Trajectory Optimization: Trains, Planes, and Other Pastimes , 2001 .

[5]  Eugene Khmelnitsky,et al.  On an optimal control problem of train operation , 2000, IEEE Trans. Autom. Control..

[6]  M. Meyer,et al.  An algorithm for the optimal control of the driving of trains , 2000, Proceedings of the 39th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control (Cat. No.00CH37187).

[7]  M. T. Isaai.  An Intelligent Search Technique for Solving Train Scheduling Problems: Simulated Annealing and Constraint Satisfaction , 2005 .

[8]  Hee-Soo Hwang,et al.  Control strategy for optimal compromise between trip time and energy consumption in a high-speed railway , 1998, IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. Part A.

[9]  M T Isaei.  An Intelligent Search Technique for Solving Train Scheduling Problems:Simulated Annealing and Constraint Satisfaction , 2007 .

[10]  P. Pokorný.  Energy-efficient train control and speed constraints , 2007 .

[11]  Steven Harrod,et al.  Railway Capacity Management and Planning , 2007 .

[12]  Rd Van Der Meulen.  Development of Train Handling Techniques for 200 Car Trains on the Ermelo-Richards Bay Line , 1989 .

[13]  Rongfang Rachel Liu,et al.  Energy-efficient operation of rail vehicles , 2003 .

[14]  Phil Howlett,et al.  The Optimal Control of a Train , 2000, Ann. Oper. Res..

[15]  Patrick Wilson,et al.  Freight Train Driving Strategies Developed for Undulating Track through Train Dynamics Research , 2000 .

[16]  Sohrab Effati,et al.  The minimization of the fuel costs in the train transportation , 2006, Appl. Math. Comput..

[17]  Qing He,et al.  The simulation research for the ATO model based on fuzzy predictive control , 2005, Proceedings Autonomous Decentralized Systems, 2005. ISADS 2005..

[18]  Xiaohua Xia,et al.  Optimal Scheduling and Control of Heavy Haul Trains Equipped With Electronically Controlled Pneumatic Braking Systems , 2006, IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology.

[19]  Roman Unger,et al.  A New Methodology for Modeling, Analysis, Synthesis, and Simulation of Time-Optimal Train Traffic in Large Networks , 2008, IEEE Transactions on Automation Science and Engineering.

[20]  Bin Xu,et al.  On Integrated Train Operational Scheme Drawing-up Platform of China , 2009 .

[21]  Erhan Kozan,et al.  Optimisation of train schedules to achieve minimum transit times and maximum reliability , 1996 .

[22]  Li-Min Jia,et al.  Automatic train control-an intelligent approach , 1993, Proceedings of TENCON '93. IEEE Region 10 International Conference on Computers, Communications and Automation.

[23]  Wu Yan,et al.  Fuzzy rules acquisition and parameters evolution based on fuzzy neural networks , 1999, IJCNN'99. International Joint Conference on Neural Networks. Proceedings (Cat. No.99CH36339).

[24]  C. S. Chang,et al.  Differential evolution based tuning of fuzzy automatic train operation for mass rapid transit system , 2000 .

[25]  Xiaohua Xia,et al.  Cruise control scheduling of heavy haul trains , 2006, IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology.

[26]  Xuan Vu,et al.  Freightmiser: an energy-efficient application of the train control problem , 2008 .

[27]  Ib Duncan,et al.  Driver Assist Testing: Testing and Analysis Required to Improve Train Handling , 1987 .

[28]  Peter Pudney,et al.  Saving fuel on long haul trains: freightmiser initial trial results , 2004 .

[29]  Xiaohua Xia,et al.  OPTIMAL CRUISE CONTROL OF HEAVY-HAUL TRAIN EQUIPPED WITH ELECTRONIC CONTROLLED PNEUMATIC BRAKE SYSTEMS , 2007 .

[30]  Piero P. Bonissone,et al.  Genetic algorithms for automated tuning of fuzzy controllers: a transportation application , 1996, Proceedings of IEEE 5th International Fuzzy Systems.

[31]  Wikimedia Commons,et al.  Automatic Train Control System Development and Simulation for High-Speed Railways , 2010 .

[32]  P. Gruber,et al.  Suboptimal control strategies for multilocomotive powered trains , 1980, 1980 19th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control including the Symposium on Adaptive Processes.

[33]  M Lagos,et al.  COMPUTER-AIDED TRAIN OPERATION: CATO , 2000 .

[34]  Hyun Jun Park,et al.  An optimal automatic train operation (ATO) control using genetic algorithms (GA) , 1999, Proceedings of IEEE. IEEE Region 10 Conference. TENCON 99. 'Multimedia Technology for Asia-Pacific Information Infrastructure' (Cat. No.99CH37030).

[35]  Clive Roberts,et al.  Optimal driving strategy for traction energy saving on DC suburban railways , 2007 .

[36]  Baohua Mao,et al.  Energy-efficient Driving Strategy for Freight Trains Based on Power Consumption Analysis , 2009 .

[37]  Xiangtao Zhuan,et al.  Optimal handling and fault-tolerant speed regulation of heavy haul trains , 2007 .

[38]  Gareth Jones,et al.  Genetic and Evolutionary Algorithms , 2002 .

[39]  N. W. Rees,et al.  Fuzzy speed control of a coal train , 1998 .

[40]  Li Zhi,et al.  The research of fuzzy predicting and its application in train's automatic control , 2000, Proceedings 2000 International Workshop on Autonomous Decentralized System (Cat. No.00EX449).

[41]  Piero P. Bonissone,et al.  Hybrid soft computing systems: where are we going? , 2000 .

[42]  Claude Sammut,et al.  Genetic and Evolutionary Algorithms , 2017, Encyclopedia of Machine Learning and Data Mining.

[43]  Johanna Törnquist,et al.  Computer-based decision support for railway traffic scheduling and dispatching: A review of models and algorithms , 2005, ATMOS.

[44]  Chung-Fu Chang,et al.  Optimising train movements through coast control using genetic algorithms , 1997 .

[45]  Colin Cole,et al.  Train cruise control , 2009 .

[46]  H. B. Quek,et al.  Pareto-optimal set based multiobjective tuning of fuzzy automatic train operation for mass transit system , 1999 .

[47]  Xiaohua Xia,et al.  Speed regulation with measured output feedback in the control of heavy haul trains , 2008, Autom..

[48]  S. Chiu.  Developing commercial applications of intelligent control , 1997 .

[49]  Van Der Meulen.  OPTIMISATION OF THE ECONOMIC RELATION BETWEEN TRAIN HANDLING AND TRACK MAINTENANCE , 1991 .