Préservation des Intentions et Maintien de la Cohérence des Données Répliquées en Temps Réel. (Intention Preservation and Consistency Maintenance for Real-Time Replicated Data)

L'edition collaborative en temps reel permet a plusieurs utilisateurs d'editer un meme document simultanement grâce a des outils informatiques. Les applications d'edition collaborative en temps reel, telles GoogleDocs ou Etherpad, repliquent les donnees editees chez chaque utilisateur, pour garantir une edition des donnees reactive et possible a chaque instant. Les conflits d'edition sont frequents, et doivent etre geres automatiquement par l'application. L'application doit faire converger toutes les repliques vers un document commun, qui contient toutes les modifications exprimees par tous les utilisateurs. Les algorithmes actuels fonctionnent de maniere satisfaisante pour des types de donnees simples (des documents lineaires) et des possibilites d'edition minimes (inserer ou supprimer du texte). Lorsque le document est plus complexe (document XML, texte structure), ou qu'il peut etre edite avec un ensemble elargi d'operations (deplacement de texte, styliser du texte), lors de la resolution de conflits d'edition, les algorithmes echouent a proposer un contenu qui convienne aux utilisateurs. Les intentions des utilisateurs ne sont pas respectees. L'objectif de cette these est de proposer des algorithmes d'edition collaborative en temps reel qui respectent mieux les intentions des utilisateurs que les algorithmes actuels. La premiere contribution de cette these est un algorithme base sur l'approche des transformees operationnelles (OT), qui permet d'editer et de styliser du texte hierarchise tout en respectant les intentions de style, de deplacement ou d'insertion de texte ou de paragraphes. Cet algorithme a donne lieu a un transfert technologique pour un de nos partenaires industriels. La deuxieme contribution est basee sur l'approche des modeles de donnees repliquees commutatives (CRDT), et propose un algorithme capable de respecter l'intention de mise a jour d'un element, tout en ameliorant les performances globales de l'approche par rapport aux autres CRDTs. Notre algorithme a debouche sur la creation d'une application web d'edition collaborative en temps reel, en continuelle amelioration par notre equipe de recherche.

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