Design and fabrication of high-gain-efficiency erbium-doped fiber amplifiers

The gain efficiency of a fully optimized EDFA is calculated as a function of the fiber NA and dopant confinement in the core and is shown to agree well with experimental data. A gain efficiency of 8.9 dB/mW is demonstrated which is the best reported value to date for MCVD fibers. In addition, the detrimental effect of pump and signal background losses on the optimum gain efficiency is considered in detail.