Immunochemistry of Proteins

1 Effector Sites on Antibodies.- I. Introduction.- II. General Structure and Organization of Immunoglobulins.- A. General Structure.- B. Domain Theory.- C. Fragmentation of Immunoglobulins.- D. Shape of Immunoglobulins.- III. Effector Functions Mediated by Antibodies.- A. Protein-Binding Properties of Immunoglobulins.- B. Cell-Binding Properties of Immunoglobulins.- IV. Conclusions.- V. References.- 2 Antigenic Features of Immunoglobulins.- I. Introduction.- II. Basic Features of Antigenic Determinants.- III. Constant Region Determinants.- A. Heavy-Chain Isotypic Determinants.- B. Light-Chain Isotypic Determinants.- C. Nonisotypic Light-Chain Constant Region.- D. Determinants.- IV. Allotypic Markers.- A. Allotypes of Human Immunoglobulins.- B. Allotypes of Rabbit Immunoglobulins.- V. Variable Region Determinants.- A. Light-Chain Variable Region Determinants.- B. Heavy-Chain Variable Region Determinants.- VI. Interspecies Antigenic Determinants.- VII. Other Significant Immunoglobulin Determinants.- A. Rheumatoid Factor Determinants.- B. J-Chain Determinants.- C. Secretory Piece Determinants.- VIII. Summary and Conclusions.- IX. References.- 3 Combining Regions of Antibodies.- I. Background.- A. Introduction.- B. Antibody Populations.- C. How Many Antibodies and Antigens Exist?.- D. Combining Region Variability.- II. Structural Studies.- A. Primary Structure.- B. Affinity Labeling.- C. Polymeric Ligand Probes of the Combining Region: How Large Is It?.- D. Electron Microscopic Studies of the Antigen-Antibody Complexes.- E. X-Ray Crystallography.- F. Conformational Changes Secondary to Antigen Binding.- III. Structure-Function Relationships.- A. Introduction.- B. Relationships between Primary Structure and Binding Specificity.- C. Variable Region Groups and Subgroups.- D. Hapten Contact and Hypervariable Regions.- E. Conservation of Variable Regions.- F. Kinetics of Antigen Binding.- G. Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Binding.- IV. Biological Significance of Antigen Binding.- A. Polyfunctional Antibody-Combining Regions.- B. Specificity of Immune Sera.- C. Epidemiological Considerations.- D. Maturation of Antibody Specificity.- V. Summary.- VI. References.- 4 Biochemistry and Biological Reactions of Complement Proteins.- I. Introduction.- II. Classical Pathway.- A. Complement Nomenclature.- B. C1 Subcomponent Composition.- C. Other Proteins of the Classical Pathway.- III. Alternative Pathway.- A. Introduction.- B. Nomenclature.- C. Proteins of the Alternative Pathway.- IV. The Complement Attack Mechanism.- A. Proteins of the C Attack Mechanism.- B. Activation of the C Attack Mechanism.- C. Interactions of the C Attack Proteins.- D. Interaction between the C Attack Proteins and Membranes.- E. Control of the Complement Attack Mechanism.- V. Conclusion.- VI. Addendum.- VII. References.- 5 Immunochemistry of Bovine Serum Albumin.- I. Introduction.- II. Structure of Bovine Serum Albumin.- A. Conformational Transitions of Albumin.- B. Molecular Organization of Bovine Serum Albumin.- C. Microheterogeneity.- D. Fragmentation of Bovine Serum Albumin by Proteolytic Enzymes.- E. Conformational Studies on Fragments from Bovine Serum Albumin and on Modified Albumin.- III. Immunochemistry of Chemical Derivatives of Bovine Serum Albumin.- A. Modification of the Cystine Residues in Bovine Serum Albumin.- B. Modification of Amino Groups.- C. Modification of Carboxylic Groups of Bovine Serum Albumin.- IV. Immunochemistry of Fragments of Bovine Serum Albumin.- A. Cleavage by Chymotrypsin.- B. Cleavage by Cyanogen Bromide.- C. Cleavage of Citraconyl-BSA by Trypsin.- D. Cleavage by Trypsin.- E. Immunochemical Cross-Reaction of Fragments 11-193 and 377-571.- F. Immunochemistry of Chemical Derivatives of Peptide Fragments.- V. Immunochemical Studies on Human Serum Albumin.- A. Effect of Chemical Modification on Immunochemical Reactivity of Human Serum Albumin.- B. Immunochemistry of Fragments from Human Serum Albumin.- VI. Structural and Immunochemical Studies on Serum Albumin from Various Species.- A. Structural Studies.- B. Immunochemical Cross-Reactivity of Serum Albumins.- C. Immunochemical Reactivity of Fragments of Albumins.- VII. Conclusion.- VIII. References.- Author Index.