Production of biodiesel and bioethanol using algal biomass harvested from fresh water river

Abstract In this study, an integrated biomass conversion concept of producing liquid biofuels from fresh water macroalgal biomass was investigated. The algal biomass was collected from the Song river, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India and processed under laboratory. 0.650 g dry wt m−2of algal biomass was harvested from the freshwater river. The collected algal biomass contained mainly 2 macroalgae species. Lipid extraction was done by soxhlet extraction method using chloroform: methanol (2:1) as solvent. 18.6% of lipid was obtained from macroalgae biomass. Blends of algae biodiesel with, butanol and diesel fuel (A5B25D70 and A10B30D60) were prepared by Inline blending method on a volume basis. Oil extracted algal biomass was further hydrolyzed for release of fermentable sugar. The theoretical yield of conversion of fermentable sugars to bioethanol was estimated and found to be 61.0%.

[1]  N. Arora,et al.  Synergistic dynamics of nitrogen and phosphorous influences lipid productivity in Chlorella minutissima for biodiesel production. , 2016, Bioresource technology.

[2]  Graham T. Reader,et al.  Biodiesel engine performance and emissions in low temperature combustion , 2008 .

[3]  R. M. Willis,et al.  Biodiesel from Microalgae, Yeast, and Bacteria: Engine Performance and Exhaust Emissions , 2013 .

[4]  Michael K Danquah,et al.  Oil extraction from microalgae for biodiesel production. , 2011, Bioresource technology.

[5]  B. Ghobadian,et al.  Optimization of biodiesel percentage in fuel mixture and engine operating conditions for diesel engine performance and emission characteristics by Artificial Bees Colony Algorithm , 2016 .

[6]  S. Jayaraj,et al.  Performance and emission evaluation of a diesel engine fueled with methyl esters of rubber seed oil , 2005 .

[7]  Octavio Armas,et al.  Effect of biodiesel fuels on diesel engine emissions , 2008 .

[8]  M. Nanda,et al.  Biomass Pyrolysis-Current status and future directions , 2016 .

[9]  P. Cheung,et al.  Comparison of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide and Soxhlet Extraction of Lipids from a Brown Seaweed, Sargassum hemiphyllum (Turn.) C. Ag.† , 1998 .

[10]  H. Hillebrand.  Development and dynamics of floating clusters of filamentous algae , 1983 .

[11]  R. Mamat.  Comparative Study On Diesel Engine PerformanceOperatingwith Biodiesel And Diesel Fuel , 2010 .

[12]  Alireza Shirneshan,et al.  Experimental Study of the Effects of Biodiesel on the Performance of a Diesel Power Generator , 2016 .

[13]  E. Krisanti,et al.  Selective production of hemicellulose-derived carbohydrates from wheat straw using dilute HCl or FeCl3 solutions under mild conditions. X-ray and thermo-gravimetric analysis of the solid residues. , 2011, Bioresource technology.

[14]  M. Abu-Zaid,et al.  Performance of single cylinder, direct injection Diesel engine using water fuel emulsions , 2004 .

[15]  Yaodong Wang,et al.  The performance and the gaseous emissions of two small marine craft diesel engines fuelled with biodiesel , 2008 .

[16]  E. A. Crowell,et al.  A Modified Procedure for Alcohol Determination by Dichromate Oxidation , 1979, American Journal of Enology and Viticulture.

[17]  YunJin-Ho,et al.  Freshwater Macroalgae as a Biofuels Feedstock: Mini-Review and Assessment of Their Bioenergy Potential , 2014 .

[18]  G. Najafi,et al.  Effects of Biodiesel and Engine Load on Some Emission Characteristics of a Direct Injection Diesel Engine , 2012 .

[19]  J. Bothwell,et al.  An integrated process for the extraction of fuel and chemicals from marine macroalgal biomass , 2016, Scientific Reports.

[20]  H. Raheman,et al.  Diesel engine emissions and performance from blends of karanja methyl ester and diesel , 2004 .

[21]  Juhun Song,et al.  Impact of Biodiesel Blending on Diesel Soot and the Regeneration of Particulate Filters , 2005 .

[22]  Murat Hosoz,et al.  Performance and emission characteristics of a diesel engine using isobutanol–diesel fuel blends , 2009 .

[23]  Sandy Merino,et al.  Progress and challenges in enzyme development for biomass utilization. , 2007, Advances in biochemical engineering/biotechnology.

[24]  Keat-Teong Lee,et al.  Enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation of seaweed solid wastes for bioethanol production: An optimization study , 2014 .

[25]  K. Reardon,et al.  Conversion of lipid-extracted Nannochloropsis salina biomass into fermentable sugars , 2015 .

[26]  Bedri Yüksel,et al.  Experimental investigation of the effect of diesel–cotton oil–n-butanol ternary blends on phase stability, engine performance and exhaust emission parameters in a diesel engine , 2013 .

[27]  D. Cowan,et al.  Understanding physiological responses to pre‐treatment inhibitors in ethanologenic fermentations , 2012, Biotechnology journal.

[28]  Kadir Aydin,et al.  Effect of diesel–microalgae biodiesel–butanol blends on performance and emissions of diesel engine , 2014 .

[29]  H. Aydin,et al.  Performance and emission analysis of cottonseed oil methyl ester in a diesel engine. , 2010 .

[30]  A. Arun,et al.  Enzymatic hydrolysis and characterization of lignocellulosic biomass exposed to electron beam irradiation. , 2012, Carbohydrate polymers.

[31]  S. A. Bokhari,et al.  Production of fermentable sugars by combined chemo-enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulosic material for bioethanol production , 2014 .

[32]  M. Nanda,et al.  Application of agar liquid-gel transition in cultivation and harvesting of microalgae for biodiesel production. , 2017, Bioresource technology.

[33]  Mohd,et al.  Utilization of Waste Cooking Oil as Diesel Fuel and Improvement in Combustion and Emission , 2012 .

[34]  M. Nanda,et al.  Effect of bacterial amylase pretreatment on bioethanol production from starch-based solid waste (SBSW) , 2016 .

[35]  K. Varatharajan,et al.  Influence of fuel properties and composition on NOx emissions from biodiesel powered diesel engines: A review , 2012 .

[36]  M. Shehata.  Emissions, performance and cylinder pressure of diesel engine fuelled by biodiesel fuel , 2013 .

[37]  Zunqing Zheng,et al.  Experimental study of n-butanol additive and multi-injection on HD diesel engine performance and emissions , 2010 .

[38]  H. Zabed,et al.  Fuel ethanol production from lignocellulosic biomass: An overview on feedstocks and technological approaches , 2016 .

[39]  Erdinc Sahin Conkur,et al.  Combustion of biodiesel fuel produced from hazelnut soapstock/waste sunflower oil mixture in a Diesel engine , 2005 .

[40]  Ye Sun,et al.  Hydrolysis of lignocellulosic materials for ethanol production: a review. , 2002, Bioresource technology.

[41]  Mustafa Canakci,et al.  PERFORMANCE AND COMBUSTION CHARACTERISTICS OF A DI DIESEL ENGINE FUELED WITH WASTE PALM OIL AND CANOLA OIL METHYL ESTERS , 2009 .

[42]  A. I. Ogbonna,et al.  Effect of advanced injection timing on the performance of rapeseed oil in diesel engines , 2000 .

[43]  Hamit Adin,et al.  Effect of n-Butanol Blending with a Blend of Diesel and Biodiesel on Performance and Exhaust Emissions of a Diesel Engine , 2011 .

[44]  M. Harold,et al.  Emission Analysis of Alternative Diesel Fuels Using a Compression Ignition Benchtop Engine Generator , 2011 .

[45]  Rocky de Nys,et al.  Selecting Reliable and Robust Freshwater Macroalgae for Biomass Applications , 2013, PloS one.

[46]  G. L. Miller.  Use of Dinitrosalicylic Acid Reagent for Determination of Reducing Sugar , 1959 .