A nonhomogeneous anthropometric scaling method based on finite element principles.

Abstract An anthropometric scaling technique is described which locates equivalent points on similarly shaped anatomical structures and quantifies the morphological differences of such geometries through the use of analytical strain parameters. The method is applicable to two or three-dimensional geometries with nonhomogeneous shape differences. The anatomical structures to be scaled are approximated by either four-noded tetrahedral or eight-noded hexahedral finite elements and equivalent points are located using shape functions. The method is demonstrated through its application to two human femora. Accuracy and limitations of the technique are discussed.