Multiple Open-Circuit Faults Diagnosis in Back-to-Back Converters of PMSG Drives for Wind Turbine Systems

In order to increase the reliability and availability of wind turbines, condition monitoring and fault diagnosis are considered crucial means to achieve these goals. In this context, direct drives wind turbines based on permanent-magnet synchronous generators (PMSGs) with full-scale power converters are an emerging and promising technology. However, several statistical studies point out that power converters are a significant contributor to the overall failure rate of modern wind turbines. Accordingly, this paper presents a new algorithm for multiple open-circuit faults diagnosis in full-scale back-to-back converters, applied in PMSG drives used for wind turbine systems. The proposed method is based on a Luenberger observer and on an adaptive threshold, which can guarantee a reliable diagnosis independently of the drive operating conditions. Several simulation and experimental results using a PMSG drive with a full-scale converter are presented, showing the diagnostic algorithm effectiveness and robustness against false alarms for both generator- and grid-side converters.

[1]  Peter Tavner,et al.  Condition Monitoring for Device Reliability in Power Electronic Converters: A Review , 2010, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics.

[2]  Jeffrey H. Lang,et al.  A State Observer For The Permanent-Magnet Synchronous Motor , 1987, Other Conferences.

[3]  Frede Blaabjerg,et al.  Future on Power Electronics for Wind Turbine Systems , 2013, IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics.

[4]  F.W. Fuchs,et al.  Performance of diagnosis methods for IGBT open circuit faults in three phase voltage source inverters for AC variable speed drives , 2005, 2005 European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications.

[5]  F.W. Fuchs,et al.  Performance of diagnosis methods for IGBT open circuit faults in voltage source active rectifiers , 2004, 2004 IEEE 35th Annual Power Electronics Specialists Conference (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37551).

[6]  Jang-Mok Kim,et al.  Diagnosis and Fault-Tolerant Control of Three-Phase AC–DC PWM Converter Systems , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications.

[7]  Lee Empringham,et al.  Fault-Tolerant Matrix Converter Motor Drives With Fault Detection of Open Switch Faults , 2012, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[8]  M. Trabelsi,et al.  Multiple IGBTs open circuit faults diagnosis in voltage source inverter fed induction motor using modified slope method , 2010, The XIX International Conference on Electrical Machines - ICEM 2010.

[9]  D. Luenberger.  An introduction to observers , 1971 .

[10]  Athanasios N. Safacas,et al.  Open-Circuit Fault Diagnosis for Matrix Converter Drives and Remedial Operation Using Carrier-Based Modulation Methods , 2014, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[11]  António J. Marques Cardoso,et al.  A Voltage-Based Approach Without Extra Hardware for Open-Circuit Fault Diagnosis in Closed-Loop PWM AC Regenerative Drives , 2014, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[12]  Friedrich W. Fuchs,et al.  Some diagnosis methods for voltage source inverters in variable speed drives with induction machines - a survey , 2003, IECON'03. 29th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society (IEEE Cat. No.03CH37468).

[13]  A. J. M. Cardoso,et al.  Fast fault detection, isolation and reconfiguration in fault-tolerant permanent magnet synchronous motor drives , 2012, 2012 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE).

[14]  Mohammad Reza Zolghadri,et al.  FPGA-Based Fast Detection With Reduced Sensor Count for a Fault-Tolerant Three-Phase Converter , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics.

[15]  Liwen Sun,et al.  Hardware-circuit-based diagnosis method for open-switch faults in inverters , 2013 .

[16]  A. J. Marques Cardoso,et al.  Voltage source inverter fault diagnosis in variable speed AC drives, by Park's vector approach , 1998 .

[17]  T. M. Jahns,et al.  Low-cost diagnostic method for open-switch faults in inverters , 2010 .

[18]  Dong-Choon Lee,et al.  AC voltage and current sensorless control of three-phase PWM rectifiers , 2002 .

[19]  Janusz Nieznanski,et al.  Open-Transistor Fault Diagnostics in Voltage-Source Inverters by Analyzing the Load Currents , 2007, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[20]  Dawei Xiang,et al.  An Industry-Based Survey of Reliability in Power Electronic Converters , 2011, IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications.

[21]  R. Peuget,et al.  Fault detection and isolation on a PWM inverter by knowledge-based model , 1997, IAS '97. Conference Record of the 1997 IEEE Industry Applications Conference Thirty-Second IAS Annual Meeting.

[22]  F. Blaabjerg,et al.  Method for Detecting an Open-Switch Fault in a Grid-Connected NPC Inverter System , 2012, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics.

[23]  R. D. Lorenz,et al.  Single sensor three-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor drive based on Luenberger style-observers , 2012, 2012 15th International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems (ICEMS).

[24]  Bin Lu,et al.  A Literature Review of IGBT Fault Diagnostic and Protection Methods for Power Inverters , 2008, 2008 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting.

[25]  Shahram Karimi,et al.  FPGA-Based Real-Time Power Converter Failure Diagnosis for Wind Energy Conversion Systems , 2008, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[26]  Daniel U. Campos-Delgado,et al.  An Observer-Based Diagnosis Scheme for Single and Simultaneous Open-Switch Faults in Induction Motor Drives , 2011, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[27]  Jorge O. Estima,et al.  A new approach for real-time multiple open-circuit fault diagnosis in voltage source inverters , 2010 .

[28]  Li Sun,et al.  Switching Function Model-Based Fast-Diagnostic Method of Open-Switch Faults in Inverters Without Sensors , 2011, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics.

[29]  M. Aktas,et al.  Wavelet-based switching faults detection in direct torque control induction motor drives , 2010 .

[30]  Mohammad Reza Zolghadri,et al.  FPGA-Based Reconfigurable Control for Fault-Tolerant Back-to-Back Converter Without Redundancy , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[31]  Myung-Joong Youn,et al.  An MRAS-Based Diagnosis of Open-Circuit Fault in PWM Voltage-Source Inverters for PM Synchronous Motor Drive Systems , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics.

[32]  Didier Theilliol,et al.  A Failure-Detection Strategy for IGBT Based on Gate-Voltage Behavior Applied to a Motor Drive System , 2011, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[33]  Antonio Marcus Nogueira Lima,et al.  Fault detection of open-switch damage in voltage-fed PWM motor drive systems , 2003 .

[34]  A. J. M. Cardoso,et al.  Recent advances in fault diagnosis by Park's vector approach , 2013, 2013 IEEE Workshop on Electrical Machines Design, Control and Diagnosis (WEMDCD).

[35]  Alan J. Watson,et al.  Fault Detection for Modular Multilevel Converters Based on Sliding Mode Observer , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics.

[36]  António J. Marques Cardoso,et al.  Open-Circuit Fault Diagnosis in PMSG Drives for Wind Turbine Applications , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[37]  Mounira Berkani,et al.  Ageing and Failure Modes of IGBT Modules in High-Temperature Power Cycling , 2011, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[38]  A.M.S. Mendes,et al.  Voltage source inverter fault diagnosis in variable speed AC drives, by the average current Park's vector approach , 1999, IEEE International Electric Machines and Drives Conference. IEMDC'99. Proceedings (Cat. No.99EX272).

[39]  Kyeong-Hwa Kim,et al.  Online fault-detecting scheme of an inverter-fed permanent magnet synchronous motor under stator winding shorted turn and inverter switch open , 2011 .

[40]  Daniel U. Campos-Delgado,et al.  Fault diagnosis scheme for open-circuit faults in field-oriented control induction motor drives , 2013 .