Anxiety Disorders in Later Life

Older adults can present with anxiety or worries about physical health (illness, changes in vision or hearing), cognitive difficulties, finances, and changes in life status (widowhood, care-giving responsibilities, retirement). Clinicians need to be aware that older adults may deny psychological symptoms of anxiety (fear, worry) but endorse similar emotions with different words (worries, concerns).

[1]  D. Hinton,et al.  A Cross-Ethnic Comparison of Lifetime Prevalence Rates of Anxiety Disorders , 2010, The Journal of nervous and mental disease.

[2]  D. Melzer,et al.  Retirement and mental health: analysis of the Australian national survey of mental health and well-being. , 2006, Social science & medicine.

[3]  E. Helmes,et al.  Predictors of Interest in Working with Older Adults: A Survey of Postgraduate Trainee Psychologists , 2008, Gerontology & geriatrics education.

[4]  T. Patterson,et al.  Psychological Interventions for Late-Life Anxiety: A Review and Early Lessons From the CALM Study , 2005, Journal of geriatric psychiatry and neurology.

[5]  P. Silburn,et al.  Anxiety disorders in Parkinson's disease: Prevalence and risk factors , 2010, Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society.

[6]  N. Pachana,et al.  Development and validation of a short form of the Geriatric Anxiety Inventory – the GAI-SF , 2010, International Psychogeriatrics.

[7]  Norbert Kathmann,et al.  Biased recognition of positive faces in aging and amnestic mild cognitive impairment. , 2010, Psychology and aging.

[8]  David Ames,et al.  The prevalence of anxiety in older adults: methodological issues and a review of the literature. , 2008, Journal of affective disorders.

[9]  D. O'Connor,et al.  Different responses to K-10 and CIDI suggest that complex structured psychiatric interviews underestimate rates of mental disorder in old people , 2008, Psychological Medicine.

[10]  Dan J Stein,et al.  Culture and the anxiety disorders: recommendations for DSM‐V , 2010, Depression and anxiety.

[11]  M. Hersen,et al.  Reliability of diagnosis in older psychiatric patients using the structured clinical interview for DSM-III-R , 1993 .

[12]  R. Kohn,et al.  Comorbidity of depressive and anxiety disorders for older Americans in the national comorbidity survey-replication. , 2009, The American journal of geriatric psychiatry : official journal of the American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry.

[13]  M. Hersen,et al.  Reliability of the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R: an evaluative review. , 1994, Comprehensive Psychiatry.

[14]  J. Sheikh,et al.  Aging and panic disorder: phenomenology, comorbidity, and risk factors. , 2004, The American journal of geriatric psychiatry : official journal of the American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry.

[15]  T J Meyer,et al.  Development and validation of the Penn State Worry Questionnaire. , 1990, Behaviour research and therapy.

[16]  A. Mackinnon,et al.  Age differences in depression and anxiety symptoms: a structural equation modelling analysis of data from a general population sample , 1999, Psychological Medicine.

[17]  A. Beekman,et al.  Anxiety disorders in later life: a report from the longitudinal aging study Amsterdam , 1998, International journal of geriatric psychiatry.

[18]  M. Mather,et al.  Aging and emotional memory: the forgettable nature of negative images for older adults. , 2003, Journal of experimental psychology. General.

[19]  M. Craske,et al.  Anxiety disorders in older adults: a comprehensive review , 2010, Depression and anxiety.

[20]  P. Areán,et al.  Psychometric evaluation of the Beck Anxiety Inventory with older medical patients. , 1997 .

[21]  Mara Mather,et al.  Goal-directed memory: the role of cognitive control in older adults' emotional memory. , 2005, Psychology and aging.

[22]  Eric J Lenze,et al.  Evidence-based treatment of geriatric anxiety disorders. , 2005, The Psychiatric clinics of North America.

[23]  M. Gatz,et al.  DSM-IV criteria for generalized anxiety disorder in older adults: distinguishing the worried from the well. , 2003, Psychology and aging.

[24]  G. Dunbar,et al.  The validity of the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) according to the SCID-P and its reliability , 1997, European Psychiatry.

[25]  B. Handen,et al.  The Worry Scale as a measure of anxiety among homebound and community active elderly. , 1986 .

[26]  M. Linden,et al.  Anxiety and anxiety disorders in the old and very old--results from the Berlin Aging Study (BASE). , 2000, Comprehensive psychiatry.

[27]  N. Petersen,et al.  Peaceful mind: an open trial of cognitive-behavioral therapy for anxiety in persons with dementia , 2010, International Psychogeriatrics.

[28]  Hugh R. Wilson,et al.  Selective preference in visual fixation away from negative images in old age? An eye-tracking study. , 2006, Psychology and aging.

[29]  C. Skeaff,et al.  Normative data for persons over 65 on the Penn State Worry Questionnaire , 2008 .

[30]  T. N. van den Kommer,et al.  Cognitive coping strategies and symptoms of depression and anxiety: a comparison between adolescents and adults. , 2002, Journal of adolescence.

[31]  E. Helmes,et al.  ATTITUDES OF AUSTRALIAN THERAPISTS TOWARD OLDER CLIENTS: EDUCATIONAL AND TRAINING IMPERATIVES , 2003 .

[32]  L. Carstensen,et al.  Time counts: future time perspective, goals, and social relationships. , 2002, Psychology and aging.

[33]  P. Rabins,et al.  Why Is Panic Disorder Less Frequent in Late life? , 1996, The American journal of geriatric psychiatry : official journal of the American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry.

[34]  M. Pinquart,et al.  Treatment of anxiety disorders in older adults: a meta-analytic comparison of behavioral and pharmacological interventions. , 2007, The American journal of geriatric psychiatry : official journal of the American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry.

[35]  M. Marmot,et al.  Is retirement good or bad for mental and physical health functioning? Whitehall II longitudinal study of civil servants , 2003, Journal of epidemiology and community health.

[36]  T. Brown,et al.  Reliability of DSM-IV anxiety and mood disorders: implications for the classification of emotional disorders. , 2001, Journal of abnormal psychology.

[37]  D. Segal,et al.  Development and initial validation of a self-report assessment tool for anxiety among older adults: the Geriatric Anxiety Scale. , 2010, Journal of anxiety disorders.

[38]  J. Wetherell,et al.  Assessing worry in older adults: confirmatory factor analysis of the Penn State Worry Questionnaire and psychometric properties of an abbreviated model. , 2003, Psychological assessment.

[39]  J. Wetherell,et al.  Meta-analysis comparing different behavioral treatments for late-life anxiety. , 2009, The American journal of geriatric psychiatry : official journal of the American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry.

[40]  K. Chou.  Social anxiety disorder in older adults: evidence from the National Epidemiologic Survey on alcohol and related conditions. , 2009, Journal of affective disorders.

[41]  S. D. Berry,et al.  An Evaluation of Progressive Muscle Relaxation on Stress Related Symptoms in a Geriatric Population , 1982 .

[42]  Nancy A Pachana,et al.  Development and validation of the Geriatric Anxiety Inventory , 2006, International Psychogeriatrics.

[43]  Patricia A Reuter-Lorenz,et al.  Divergent trajectories in the aging mind: changes in working memory for affective versus visual information with age. , 2005, Psychology and aging.

[44]  A. Swann,et al.  Generalized anxiety disorder in older adults: Examining the relation between clinician severity ratings and patient self‐report measures , 2000, Depression and anxiety.

[45]  C. Reynolds,et al.  Examination of the Psychometric Properties of the Adult Manifest Anxiety Scale-Elderly Version Scores , 2006 .

[46]  A. Beck,et al.  An inventory for measuring clinical anxiety: psychometric properties. , 1988, Journal of consulting and clinical psychology.

[47]  Knut Engedal,et al.  Psychometric properties of the state part of the Spielberger State‐Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) in geriatric patients , 2001, International journal of geriatric psychiatry.

[48]  R. Niaura,et al.  Prevalence of Anxiety Disorders in Men and Women With Established Coronary Heart Disease , 2007, Journal of cardiopulmonary rehabilitation and prevention.

[49]  M. Gatz,et al.  The Beck Anxiety Inventory in Older Adults With Generalized Anxiety Disorder , 2005 .

[50]  B. Pitt,et al.  Needs assessment: from theory to practice , 1998, BMJ.

[51]  Mara Mather,et al.  Aging and Attentional Biases for Emotional Faces , 2003, Psychological science.

[52]  J. Beck,et al.  Assessing older adults with generalized anxiety: a replication and extension. , 2001, Behaviour research and therapy.

[53]  A. Mathews,et al.  Brief standard self-rating for phobic patients. , 1979, Behaviour research and therapy.

[54]  Martin Orrell,et al.  The development of a valid and reliable scale for rating anxiety in dementia (RAID) , 1999 .

[55]  K. Chou.  Specific phobia in older adults: evidence from the national epidemiologic survey on alcohol and related conditions. , 2009, The American journal of geriatric psychiatry : official journal of the American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry.

[56]  Laura L. Carstensen,et al.  Evidence for a Life-Span Theory of Socioemotional Selectivity , 1995 .

[57]  N. Pachana,et al.  Geropsychology content in clinical training programs: a comparison of Australian, Canadian and U.S. data , 2010, International Psychogeriatrics.

[58]  A. Yohannes,et al.  Depression and anxiety in chronic heart failure and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: prevalence, relevance, clinical implications and management principles , 2010, International journal of geriatric psychiatry.

[59]  J. Gorman,et al.  The role of executive functioning in CBT: a pilot study with anxious older adults. , 2005, Behaviour research and therapy.

[60]  B. Hagberg,et al.  Incidence and risk factors for depression and anxiety disorders: Results from a 34-year longitudinal Swedish cohort study , 2005, Aging & mental health.

[61]  K. Jones,et al.  How happy have you felt lately? Two diary studies of emotion recall in older and younger adults , 2007 .

[62]  S. Charles.  Strength and vulnerability integration: a model of emotional well-being across adulthood. , 2010, Psychological bulletin.

[63]  M. Hersen,et al.  Psychometric properties and diagnostic utility of the Beck Anxiety Inventory and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory with older adult psychiatric outpatients. , 1997, Journal of anxiety disorders.

[64]  Olga V. Demler,et al.  Lifetime prevalence and age-of-onset distributions of DSM-IV disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. , 2005, Archives of general psychiatry.

[65]  B. Winblad,et al.  Feelings of anxiety and associated variables in a very elderly population , 1998, International journal of geriatric psychiatry.

[66]  F. Scogin,et al.  Progressive and imaginal relaxation training for elderly persons with subjective anxiety. , 1992, Psychology and aging.

[67]  B. Mulsant,et al.  Cognitive impairment in late-life generalized anxiety disorder. , 2007, The American journal of geriatric psychiatry : official journal of the American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry.

[68]  G. Dunbar,et al.  The Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI). A short diagnostic structured interview: reliability and validity according to the CIDI , 1997, European Psychiatry.

[69]  John T. Cacioppo,et al.  Lonely hearts: Psychological perspectives on loneliness , 1999 .

[70]  Robert Kohn,et al.  Prevalence of mood, anxiety, and substance-abuse disorders for older Americans in the national comorbidity survey-replication. , 2009, The American journal of geriatric psychiatry : official journal of the American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry.

[71]  G. Andrews,et al.  The Effect of the Draft DSM-5 Criteria for GAD on Prevalence and Severity , 2010, The Australian and New Zealand journal of psychiatry.

[72]  D. Segal,et al.  Psychometric Properties of the Geriatric Anxiety Scale: Comparison to the Beck Anxiety Inventory and Geriatric Anxiety Inventory , 2010 .

[73]  J. Kogan,et al.  Assessment of anxiety in older adults: current status. , 2000, Journal of anxiety disorders.

[74]  J. Beck,et al.  Psychometric properties of four anxiety measures in older adults. , 1996, Behaviour research and therapy.

[75]  H Fischer,et al.  Gender and age differences in the prevalence of specific fears and phobias. , 1996, Behaviour research and therapy.

[76]  G. Diefenbach,et al.  Cognitive-behavior therapy for late-life generalized anxiety disorder in primary care: preliminary findings. , 2003, The American journal of geriatric psychiatry : official journal of the American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry.

[77]  Laura L. Carstensen,et al.  At the Intersection of Emotion and Cognition , 2005 .

[78]  V. Leirer,et al.  Development and validation of a geriatric depression screening scale: a preliminary report. , 1982, Journal of psychiatric research.

[79]  Ruth O'Hara,et al.  Late-life anxiety and cognitive impairment: a review. , 2008, The American journal of geriatric psychiatry : official journal of the American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry.