Production and detailed characterization of bio-oil from fast pyrolysis of palm kernel shell

Abstract Bio-oil has been produced from palm kernel shell in a fluidized bed reactor. The process conditions were optimized and the detailed characteristics of bio-oil were carried out. The higher feeding rate and higher gas flow rate attributed to higher bio-oil yield. The maximum mass fraction of biomass (57%) converted to bio-oil at 550 °C when 2 L min −1 of gas and 10 g min −1 of biomass were fed. The bio-oil produced up to 500 °C existed in two distinct phases, while it formed one homogeneous phase when it was produced above 500 °C. The higher heating value of bio-oil produced at 550 °C was found to be 23.48 MJ kg −1 . As GC–MS data shows, the area ratio of phenol is the maximum among the area ratio of identified compounds in 550 °C bio-oil. The UV–Fluorescence absorption, which is the indication of aromatic content, is also the highest in 550 °C bio-oil.

[1]  D. Meier,et al.  Characterization of the water-insoluble fraction from fast pyrolysis liquids (pyrolytic lignin) , 2001 .

[2]  Stefan Seuring,et al.  Supply chain and logistics issues of bio-energy production. , 2011 .

[3]  Young‐Kwon Park,et al.  Influence of reaction conditions and the char separation system on the production of bio-oil from radiata pine sawdust by fast pyrolysis , 2008 .

[4]  A. Bridgwater.  Review of fast pyrolysis of biomass and product upgrading , 2012 .

[5]  Sohei Shimada,et al.  System analysis for effective use of palm oil waste as energy resources , 2011 .

[6]  Calliope Panoutsou,et al.  Biomass supply in EU27 from 2010 to 2030 , 2009 .

[7]  M. Z. Abdullah,et al.  Analysis of biomass-residue-based cogeneration system in palm oil mills , 2003 .

[8]  M. Asadullah,et al.  Production of bio-oil from fixed bed pyrolysis of bagasse , 2007 .

[9]  Xavier Py,et al.  Contributions of hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin to the mass and the porous properties of chars and steam activated carbons from various lignocellulosic precursors. , 2009, Bioresource technology.

[10]  C. Ververis,et al.  Fiber dimensions, lignin and cellulose content of various plant materials and their suitability for paper production , 2004 .

[11]  Qiang Lu,et al.  Overview of fuel properties of biomass fast pyrolysis oils , 2009 .

[12]  Paulina Jaramillo,et al.  Life cycle GHG emissions from Malaysian oil palm bioenergy development: the impact on transportation sector's energy security. , 2011 .

[13]  A. Pütün,et al.  Fast pyrolysis of soybean cake: product yields and compositions. , 2006, Bioresource technology.

[14]  M. Asadullah,et al.  Jute stick pyrolysis for bio-oil production in fluidized bed reactor. , 2008, Bioresource technology.

[15]  Seonghun Kim,et al.  Bioethanol production using the sequential acid/alkali-pretreated empty palm fruit bunch fiber , 2013 .

[16]  P. N. Ndoke,et al.  Performance of Palm Kernel Shells as a Partial replacement for Coarse Aggregate in Asphalt Concrete , 2006 .

[17]  R. Kothari,et al.  Thermo chemical conversion of biomass – Eco friendly energy routes , 2012 .

[18]  Mohd Jindra Aris,et al.  Investigation on thermochemical behaviour of low rank Malaysian coal, oil palm biomass and their blends during pyrolysis via thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). , 2010, Bioresource technology.

[19]  X. Bi,et al.  Determination of effective thermal conductivity and specific heat capacity of wood pellets , 2013 .

[20]  Dingena L. Schott,et al.  Physical properties of solid biomass , 2011 .

[21]  Mohd Zamin Jumaat,et al.  Comparison of mechanical and bond properties of oil palm kernel shell concrete with normal weight concrete , 2010 .

[22]  Dietrich Meier,et al.  Characterization of the water-insoluble fraction from pyrolysis oil (pyrolytic lignin). Part I. PY–GC/MS, FTIR, and functional groups , 2001 .

[23]  Sumiani Binti Yusoff,et al.  Renewable energy from palm oil - innovation on effective utilization of waste. , 2006 .

[24]  Ayşe Eren Pütün,et al.  Fixed-bed catalytic pyrolysis of cotton-seed cake: effects of pyrolysis temperature, natural zeolite content and sweeping gas flow rate. , 2006, Bioresource technology.

[25]  Muhammad Fauzi Mohd. Zain,et al.  Concrete using waste oil palm shells as aggregate , 1999 .

[26]  F. Abnisa,et al.  Optimization and characterization studies on bio-oil production from palm shell by pyrolysis using response surface methodology. , 2011 .

[27]  Daniel C. Okpala,et al.  Some engineering properties of sandcrete blocks containing rice husk ash , 1993 .

[28]  F. Abnisa,et al.  Utilization possibilities of palm shell as a source of biomass energy in Malaysia by producing bio-oil in pyrolysis process , 2011 .

[29]  M. A. Bader,et al.  Cost of solar energy generated using PV panels , 2007 .

[30]  J. Akhtar,et al.  A review on operating parameters for optimum liquid oil yield in biomass pyrolysis , 2012 .

[31]  Donghyun Lee,et al.  Bio-oil from the pyrolysis of palm and Jatropha wastes in a fluidized bed , 2013 .

[32]  Alejandro Reyes,et al.  Drying Characteristics of Forest Biomass Particles of Pinus radiata , 2004 .