With a Spirit that Understands: Reflections on a Long-term Community Science Initiative to End Suicide in Alaska.

This retrospective analysis of a long-term community-based participatory research (CBPR) process spans over two decades of work with Alaska Native communities. A call to action from Alaska Native leadership to create more effective strategies to prevent and treat youth suicide and alcohol misuse risk initiated a response from university researchers. This CBPR process transformed into a collaborative effort to indigenously drive and develop solutions through research. The People Awakening project started our team on this translational and transformational pathway through community intervention science in the Central Yup'ik region of Alaska. We examine more deeply the major episodes and their successes and struggles in maintaining a long-term research relationship between university researchers and members of Yup'ik Alaska Native communities. We explore ways that our CBPR relationship has involved negotiation and engagement with power and praxis, to deepen and focus attention to knowledge systems and relational elements. This paper examines these deeper, transformative elements of our CBPR relationship that spans histories, cultures, and systems. Our discussion shares vignettes from academic and community perspectives to describe process in a unique collaboration, reaching to sometimes touch upon rare ground in emotions, tensions, and triumphs over the course of a dozen grants and twice as many years. We conclude by noting how there are points where, in a long-term CBPR relationship, transition out of emergence into coalescing and transformation can occur.

[1]  E. Trickett,et al.  The Qasgiq Model as an Indigenous Intervention: Using the Cultural Logic of Contexts to Build Protective Factors for Alaska Native Suicide and Alcohol Misuse Prevention , 2019, Cultural diversity & ethnic minority psychology.

[2]  J. Tebes Team Science, Justice, and the Co-Production of Knowledge. , 2018, American journal of community psychology.

[3]  L. Whitbeck,et al.  Pathways of Adaptation: Two Case Studies with One Evidence-Based Substance Use Prevention Program Tailored for Indigenous Youth , 2018, Prevention Science.

[4]  A. Macaulay,et al.  Understanding community-based participatory research through a social movement framework: a case study of the Kahnawake Schools Diabetes Prevention Project , 2018, BMC Public Health.

[5]  D. Henry,et al.  Multi-Level Cultural Intervention for the Prevention of Suicide and Alcohol Use Risk with Alaska Native Youth: a Nonrandomized Comparison of Treatment Intensity , 2018, Prevention Science.

[6]  P. Pluye,et al.  Can we Build on Social Movement Theories to Develop and Improve Community‐Based Participatory Research? A Framework Synthesis Review , 2017, American journal of community psychology.

[7]  L. Tingey,et al.  The Impact of a Sexual and Reproductive Health Intervention for American Indian Adolescents on Predictors of Condom Use Intention. , 2017, The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine.

[8]  J. Walkup,et al.  Decreases in Suicide Deaths and Attempts Linked to the White Mountain Apache Suicide Surveillance and Prevention System, 2001-2012. , 2016, American journal of public health.

[9]  L. Whitbeck,et al.  A Cautionary Tale , 2016, Clinical psychological science : a journal of the Association for Psychological Science.

[10]  M. Cwik,et al.  Risk and protective factors for heavy binge alcohol use among American Indian adolescents utilizing emergency health services , 2016, The American journal of drug and alcohol abuse.

[11]  S. Kulis,et al.  An Evaluation of the Ho‘ouna Pono Curriculum: A Pilot Study of Culturally Grounded Substance Abuse Prevention for Rural Hawaiian Youth , 2016, Journal of health care for the poor and underserved.

[12]  C. Daum,et al.  Worth the Risk? Muddled Relationships in Community-Based Participatory Research , 2016, Qualitative health research.

[13]  E. Trickett,et al.  Most of the Story is Missing: Advocating for a More Complete Intervention Story , 2014, American journal of community psychology.

[14]  G. Mohatt,et al.  Introduction to Ecological Description of a Community Intervention: Building Prevention Through Collaborative Field Based Research , 2014, American journal of community psychology.

[15]  James Allen,et al.  People Awakening: Collaborative Research to Develop Cultural Strategies for Prevention in Community Intervention , 2014, American journal of community psychology.

[16]  J. Walkup,et al.  Community-based surveillance and case management for suicide prevention: an American Indian tribally initiated system. , 2014, American journal of public health.

[17]  S. Rasmus,et al.  Yup’ik Culture and Context in Southwest Alaska: Community Member Perspectives of Tradition, Social Change, and Prevention , 2014, American journal of community psychology.

[18]  S. Rasmus,et al.  Creating Qungasvik (A Yup’ik Intervention “Toolbox”): Case Examples from a Community-Developed and Culturally-Driven Intervention , 2014, American journal of community psychology.

[19]  S. Rasmus Indigenizing CBPR: Evaluation of a Community-Based and Participatory Research Process Implementation of the Elluam Tungiinun (Towards Wellness) Program in Alaska , 2014, American journal of community psychology.

[20]  E. Ballard,et al.  Emergency department utilization among American Indian adolescents who made a suicide attempt: a screening opportunity. , 2014, The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine.

[21]  Scott K. Okamoto,et al.  Insights in Public Health: Developing the Ho‘ouna Pono Substance Use Prevention Curriculum: Collaborating with Hawaiian Youth and Communities , 2013 .

[22]  J. Ford,et al.  A review of protective factors and causal mechanisms that enhance the mental health of Indigenous Circumpolar youth , 2013, International journal of circumpolar health.

[23]  S. Kulis,et al.  Drug Resistance Strategies of Rural Hawaiian Youth as a Function of Drug Offerers and Substances: A Community Stakeholder Analysis , 2012, Journal of health care for the poor and underserved.

[24]  James Allen,et al.  "Oh No, We are Just Getting to Know You": The Relationship in Research with Children and Youth in Indigenous Communities. , 2012, Child development perspectives.

[25]  Rebecca R. Cheezum,et al.  Community-based participatory research: a capacity-building approach for policy advocacy aimed at eliminating health disparities. , 2010, American journal of public health.

[26]  J. Walkup,et al.  Toward understanding suicide among youths: results from the White Mountain Apache tribally mandated suicide surveillance system, 2001-2006. , 2009, American journal of public health.

[27]  M. Guishard The False Paths, the Endless Labors, the Turns Now This Way and Now That: Participatory Action Research, Mutual Vulnerability, and the Politics of Inquiry , 2009 .

[28]  E. Trickett,et al.  The Spirit of Ecological Inquiry and Intervention Research Reports: A Heuristic Elaboration , 2008, American journal of community psychology.

[29]  A. Macaulay,et al.  Can the democratic ideal of participatory research be achieved? An inside look at an academic-indigenous community partnership. , 2007, Health education research.

[30]  S. Seifer,et al.  Mining the Challenges of CBPR for Improvements in Urban Health , 2006, Journal of Urban Health.

[31]  A. Macaulay,et al.  Understanding the social context of school health promotion program implementation , 2006 .

[32]  Suzanne Christopher,et al.  Lessons learned from community-based participatory research in Indian country. , 2005, Cancer control : journal of the Moffitt Cancer Center.

[33]  A. Macaulay,et al.  Community empowerment for the primary prevention of type 2 diabetes: Kanienkehá:ka (Mohawk) ways for the Kahnawake Schools Diabetes Prevention Project , 2005 .

[34]  A. Macaulay,et al.  Impact of a Diabetes Prevention Program on Body Size, Physical Activity, and Diet Among Kanien'kehá:ka (Mohawk) Children 6 to 11 Years Old: 8-Year Results From the Kahnawake Schools Diabetes Prevention Project , 2005, Pediatrics.

[35]  L. Potvin,et al.  Unpacking the Black Box: A Deconstruction of the Programming Approach and Physical Activity Interventions Implemented in the Kahnawake Schools Diabetes Prevention Project , 2005, Health promotion practice.

[36]  E. Trickett,et al.  Collaboration and Social Inquiry: Multiple Meanings of a Construct and Its Role in Creating Useful and Valid Knowledge , 2004, American journal of community psychology.

[37]  P. Holkup,et al.  Community‐based Participatory Research: An Approach to Intervention Research With a Native American Community , 2004, ANS. Advances in nursing science.

[38]  G. Mohatt,et al.  Unheard Alaska: Culturally Anchored Participatory Action Research on Sobriety with Alaska Natives , 2004, American journal of community psychology.

[39]  A. Macaulay,et al.  Community governance of the Kahnawake Schools Diabetes Prevention Project, Kahnawake Territory, Mohawk Nation, Canada. , 2003, Health promotion international.

[40]  G. Mohatt,et al.  The Price of a Gift: A Lakota Healer's Story , 2000 .

[41]  A. Macaulay,et al.  Participatory Research with Native Community of Kahnawake Creates Innovative Code of Research Ethics , 1998, Canadian journal of public health = Revue canadienne de sante publique.

[42]  Paul Routledge,et al.  The Third Space as Critical Engagement , 1996 .

[43]  C. M. Franks The Creation of Settings and the Future Societies, Sarason Seymour B.. Jossey-Bass, San Francisco (1972), xvi + 295 Pp. $10.95 , 1974 .

[44]  F. Marsiglia,et al.  A Continuum of Approaches Toward Developing Culturally Focused Prevention Interventions: From Adaptation to Grounding , 2013, Journal of Primary Prevention.

[45]  Scott K. Okamoto,et al.  Developing Empirically Based, Culturally Grounded Drug Prevention Interventions for Indigenous Youth Populations , 2012, The Journal of Behavioral Health Services & Research.

[46]  R. Mermelstein,et al.  Community psychology: individuals and interventions in community context. , 2009, Annual review of psychology.

[47]  J. Bruner Acts of meaning , 1990 .

[48]  Aditi Saxena,et al.  The Emergency Department , 2010 .