The True Cost of Sound Recording Piracy to the U.S. Economy

There is little debate that U.S. sound recordings are "pirated" in vast numbers in the U.S. and in international markets. Piracy of these works harms the intellectual property owner, who loses the revenue that would have been gained had the legitimate recording been purchased. These "direct" losses, however, represent only part of the story. Piracy also causes significant and measurable harm to the "upstream" suppliers and "downstream" purchasers who also would have benefited from the sale of legitimate, copyright protected sound recordings. Indeed, the harms that flow from pirate activities produce a cascading effect throughout the economy as a whole. These harms include lost output, lost earnings, lost jobs and lost tax revenues.