Sublethal detoxification responses to contaminant exposure associated with offshore production platforms

Plusieurs marqueurs biologiques de l'exposition aux hydrocarbures aromatiques ont ete utilises pour evaluer la contamination associee a la mise en valeur et a la production de petrole et de gaz dans le golfe du Mexique. Plusieurs especes de poisson et d'invertebres ont ete echantilloneees dans des stations proches ( 3 000 m) du centre de trois plates-formes. Aucun ecart important entre stations proches et eloignees n'a ete observe pour ce qui est de l'activite de l'aryl-hydrocarbure-hydroxylase (AHH) dans les especes d'invertebres. La seule induction notable de l'ethoxyresorufine-O-desethylase (EROD) lors d'essais biologiques sur cellules H4IIE a ete observee dans des cellules dosees aux extraits de crevette grise (Penaeus aztecus) echantillonnes a la station proche MAI-686. Toutefois, aucun gradient des contaminants dans les sediments n'a ete decele pour cette plate-forme. Aucun ecart important entre stations proches et eloignees n'a ete decele dans 16 especes de poisson pour ce qui est des activites de l'EROD et de l'AHH, des niveaux d'ARNm CYP1A et des concentrations biliaires de metabolites d'hydrocarbure aromatique polynucleaire (HAP). Mais des ecarts ont ete observes, selon les especes, dans l'activite de l'EROD et les concentrations de metabolites de HAP. De plus, un complexe recepteur d'hydrocarbures aromatiques radiomarque sur le noyau aromatique a ete caracterise chez deux especes de poisson.

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