EBPG guideline on nutrition.

Guideline 1. Prevalence of malnutrition and outcomeGuideline 2. Diagnosis and monitoring of malnutrition2.1. Diagnosis of malnutrition2.2. Monitoring and follow-up of nutritionalstatusGuideline 3. Recommendations for protein and energyintake3.1. Recommended protein intake3.2. Recommended energy intakeRecommendation 4. Recommendations for vitamins,minerals and trace elementsadministration in maintenancehaemodialysis patients.4.1. Vitamins4.2. Minerals4.3. Trace elementsGuideline 5. Treatment of malnutrition5.1. Dietary intervention5.2. Oral supplements and enteral feeding5.3. Intradialytic parenteral nutrition5.4. Anabolic agents5.5. Other interventions: daily dialysisGuideline 6. Metabolic acidosisAppendices

[1]  P. Flakoll,et al.  Hemodialysis stimulates muscle and whole body protein loss and alters substrate oxidation. , 2002, American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism.

[2]  P. Richardson.  Manual of Dietetic Practice , 1995, The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition.

[3]  P. Kouw,et al.  Effects of zinc supplementation on zinc status and immunity in haemodialysis patients. , 1991, Journal of trace elements and electrolytes in health and disease.

[4]  K. Berg,et al.  Plasma ascorbic acid in patients undergoing chronic haemodialysis , 1999, European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology.

[5]  R. Atkins,et al.  Anthropometry underestimates body protein depletion in haemodialysis patients. , 1991, Nephron.

[6]  N. Blagojevic,et al.  Body protein of patients undergoing haemodialysis. , 1990, European journal of clinical nutrition.

[7]  B. Boned,et al.  [Evaluation of food intake in hemodialysis using a food consumption and appetite questionnaire]. , 2002, Nefrologia : publicacion oficial de la Sociedad Espanola Nefrologia.

[8]  R. Lockridge,et al.  Nightly home hemodialysis: improvement in nutrition and quality of life. , 1999, Advances in renal replacement therapy.

[9]  R. Cody,et al.  Interdialytic weight gain and nutritional parameters in chronic hemodialysis patients. , 1995, American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation.

[10]  G. Liepa,et al.  The effects of zinc supplementation on serum zinc and cholesterol concentrations in hemodialysis patients. , 2002, Journal of renal nutrition : the official journal of the Council on Renal Nutrition of the National Kidney Foundation.

[11]  G. Krejs,et al.  Impact of long-term hemodialysis on nutritional status in patients with end-stage renal failure , 1994, The clinical investigator.

[12]  C. Price,et al.  Bromcresol purple method for serum albumin gives falsely low values in patients with renal insufficiency. , 1986, Clinica chimica acta; international journal of clinical chemistry.

[13]  T. Yoneyama,et al.  Overweight as another nutritional risk factor for the long-term survival of non-diabetic hemodialysis patients. , 1998, Clinical nephrology.

[14]  J. Pope,et al.  The effect of diet education on the laboratory values and knowledge of hemodialysis patients with hyperphosphatemia. , 2004, Journal of renal nutrition : the official journal of the Council on Renal Nutrition of the National Kidney Foundation.

[15]  R. Steeds,et al.  Chronic Stable Angina : A Randomized , Double-Blind , Placebo-Controlled Study Low-Dose Transdermal Testosterone Therapy Improves Angina Threshold in Men With , 2000 .

[16]  S. Grundy,et al.  Efficacy, safety, and tolerability of once-daily niacin for the treatment of dyslipidemia associated with type 2 diabetes: results of the assessment of diabetes control and evaluation of the efficacy of niaspan trial. , 2002, Archives of internal medicine.

[17]  M. Inaba,et al.  Changes in body fat mass in male hemodialysis patients: a comparison between diabetics and nondiabetics. , 2001, American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation.

[18]  R. Selgas,et al.  Recombinant human growth hormone therapy in malnourished dialysis patients: a randomized controlled study. , 1998, American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation.

[19]  P. Kimmel,et al.  Longitudinal and cross-sectional effects of C-reactive protein, equilibrated normalized protein catabolic rate, and serum bicarbonate on creatinine and albumin levels in dialysis patients. , 2003, American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation.

[20]  C. Bouchard,et al.  Estimation of daily energy needs with the FAO/WHO/UNU 1985 procedures in adults: comparison to whole-body indirect calorimetry measurements , 2004, European Journal of Clinical Nutrition.

[21]  W. Owen,et al.  C-reactive protein as an outcome predictor for maintenance hemodialysis patients. , 1998, Kidney international.

[22]  R. Wolfe,et al.  Glutamine kinetics and protein turnover in end-stage renal disease. , 2005, American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism.

[23]  R. Atkins,et al.  Total body nitrogen predicts long-term mortality in haemodialysis patients--a single-centre experience. , 1998, Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association.

[24]  K. Iseki,et al.  Hypocholesterolemia is a significant predictor of death in a cohort of chronic hemodialysis patients. , 2002, Kidney international.

[25]  B. Bengtsson,et al.  Double-blind, placebo-controlled study of growth hormone treatment in elderly patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis: anabolic effect and functional improvement. , 1999, American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation.

[26]  J. Frystyk,et al.  The pattern of intracellular free amino acids in granulocytes from hemodialysis patients change to an oral protein supplement (granulocyte amino acids after protein in HD patients). , 1999, Clinical nephrology.

[27]  R. Wolfe,et al.  Protein turnover and amino acid transport kinetics in end-stage renal disease. , 2004, American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism.

[28]  A. Torres,et al.  Caloric rather than protein deficiency predominates in stable chronic haemodialysis patients. , 1995, Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association.

[29]  R. Parker,et al.  Increased energy expenditure in hemodialysis patients. , 1996, Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN.

[30]  O. Zilch,et al.  Clinical outcome of daily dialysis. , 2001, American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation.

[31]  J. Bailey,et al.  Nutrition counseling impacts serum albumin levels. , 2004, Journal of renal nutrition : the official journal of the Council on Renal Nutrition of the National Kidney Foundation.

[32]  J. Kopple.  Therapeutic approaches to malnutrition in chronic dialysis patients: the different modalities of nutritional support. , 1999, American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation.

[33]  P. Goldwasser,et al.  Predictors of mortality in hemodialysis patients. , 1993, Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN.

[34]  G. Warwick,et al.  Albumin as an outcome measure in haemodialysis in patients: the effect of variation in assay method. , 2000, Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association.

[35]  A. Cheung,et al.  Association of serum albumin and atherosclerosis in chronic hemodialysis patients. , 2002, American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation.

[36]  N. Barthe,et al.  Nutrition in hemodialysis patients previously on a supplemented very low protein diet. , 2003, Kidney international.

[37]  J. Kopple,et al.  A proposed glossary for dialysis kinetics. , 1995, American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation.

[38]  S. Draibe,et al.  Increased resting energy expenditure in hemodialysis patients with severe hyperparathyroidism. , 2004, Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN.

[39]  J. Tijssen,et al.  Nutritional status over time in hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis. , 2001, Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN.

[40]  J. C. Divino Filho,et al.  Growth hormone treatment in hemodialysis patientsA randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study , 2004, Scandinavian journal of urology and nephrology.

[41]  M. Rocco,et al.  Nutritional status in the HEMO Study cohort at baseline. Hemodialysis. , 2002, American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation.

[42]  F. Port,et al.  Mortality risk in hemodialysis patients and changes in nutritional indicators: DOPPS. , 2002, Kidney international.

[43]  X. Leverve,et al.  Nutritional status of haemodialysis patients: a French national cooperative study. French Study Group for Nutrition in Dialysis. , 1999, Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association.

[44]  T. Ikizler,et al.  Nitrogen balance in hospitalized chronic hemodialysis patients. , 1996, Kidney international. Supplement.

[45]  W. Hörl,et al.  Low total vitamin C plasma level is a risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in hemodialysis patients. , 2005, Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN.

[46]  R. Huisman,et al.  Protein intake during hemodialysis maintains a positive whole body protein balance in chronic hemodialysis patients. , 2003, American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism.

[47]  M. Haberal,et al.  THE ASSOCIATION OF INTERDIALYTIC WEIGHT GAIN WITH NUTRITIONAL PARAMETERS AND MORTALITY RISK IN HEMODIALYSIS PATIENTS , 2002, Renal failure.

[48]  F. Kainberger,et al.  Effects of 12 months of recombinant growth hormone therapy on parameters of bone metabolism and bone mineral density in patients on chronic hemodialysis. , 2004, Journal of nephrology.

[49]  M. Rao,et al.  A controlled trial of intermittent enteral nutrient supplementation in maintenance hemodialysis patients. , 2002, Journal of renal nutrition : the official journal of the Council on Renal Nutrition of the National Kidney Foundation.

[50]  P. Ridker,et al.  Inflammation, aspirin, and the risk of cardiovascular disease in apparently healthy men. , 1997, The New England journal of medicine.

[51]  R. Wilkinson,et al.  Zinc deficiency and hyperprolactinaemia are not reversible causes of sexual dysfunction in uraemia. , 1989, Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association.

[52]  O. Mamer,et al.  Parenteral vitamin B12 reduces hyperhomocysteinemia in end-stage renal disease. , 2001, Clinical and investigative medicine. Medecine clinique et experimentale.

[53]  T. Ikizler,et al.  Improvement in nutritional parameters after initiation of chronic hemodialysis. , 2002 .

[54]  B. Lindholm,et al.  Influence of Initial Nutritional Status on Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis Patient Survival , 2000, Peritoneal dialysis international : journal of the International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis.

[55]  F. Clavel-Chapelon,et al.  Group level validation of protein intakes estimated by 24-hour diet recall and dietary questionnaires against 24-hour urinary nitrogen in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) calibration study. , 2003, Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology.

[56]  J. Durbec,et al.  Perdialytic parenteral nutrition with lipids and amino acids in malnourished hemodialysis patients. , 1990, The American journal of clinical nutrition.

[57]  S. Greenland,et al.  Longitudinal associations between dietary protein intake and survival in hemodialysis patients. , 2006, American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation.

[58]  E. Jones,et al.  The magnitude of metabolic acidosis is dependent on differences in bicarbonate assays. , 1996, American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation.

[59]  M. Tonelli,et al.  A systematic review of the effect of nocturnal hemodialysis on blood pressure, left ventricular hypertrophy, anemia, mineral metabolism, and health-related quality of life. , 2005, Kidney international.

[60]  J. Bragg-Gresham,et al.  International variation in vitamin prescription and association with mortality in the Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study (DOPPS). , 2004, American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation.

[61]  P. Stenvinkel,et al.  A comparative analysis of nutritional parameters as predictors of outcome in male and female ESRD patients. , 2002, Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association.

[62]  R. Wolfe,et al.  Clinical and biochemical correlates of starting "daily" hemodialysis. , 1999, Kidney international.

[63]  G. Kim,et al.  Association of depression with malnutrition in chronic hemodialysis patients. , 2003, American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation.

[64]  A. Testa,et al.  Clinical determinants of interdialytic weight gain. , 2001, Journal of renal nutrition : the official journal of the Council on Renal Nutrition of the National Kidney Foundation.

[65]  N Rifai,et al.  High-sensitivity C-reactive protein: a novel and promising marker of coronary heart disease. , 2001, Clinical chemistry.

[66]  C. Pollock,et al.  Protein malnutrition and hypoalbuminemia as predictors of vascular events and mortality in ESRD. , 2004, American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation.

[67]  T. Ikizler,et al.  Increased resting energy expenditure in patients with end-stage renal disease. , 2003, JPEN. Journal of parenteral and enteral nutrition.

[68]  A. Hung,et al.  Longitudinal study of nutritional status, body composition, and physical function in hemodialysis patients. , 2003, The American journal of clinical nutrition.

[69]  M. Macía,et al.  Randomized prospective comparison between erythropoietin and androgens in CAPD patients. , 2002, Kidney international.

[70]  J. Kopple,et al.  Amino acid losses during hemodialysis with infusion of amino acids and glucose. , 1982, Kidney international.

[71]  K. Kalantar-Zadeh,et al.  Association among SF36 quality of life measures and nutrition, hospitalization, and mortality in hemodialysis. , 2001, Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN.

[72]  P. Bowen,et al.  Norms for nutritional assessment of American adults by upper arm anthropometry. , 1981, The American journal of clinical nutrition.

[73]  R. Strawderman,et al.  Simple nutritional indicators as independent predictors of mortality in hemodialysis patients. , 1998, American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation.

[74]  R. Huisman,et al.  Assessing dialysis adequacy and dietary intake in the individual hemodialysis patient. , 1999, Kidney international.

[75]  P. Ohri-Vachaspati,et al.  Can a nutrition intervention improve albumin levels among hemodialysis patients? A pilot study. , 2001, Journal of renal nutrition : the official journal of the Council on Renal Nutrition of the National Kidney Foundation.

[76]  D. Fouque,et al.  Growth hormone induces anabolism in malnourished maintenance haemodialysis patients. , 2005, Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association.

[77]  G. Fellay,et al.  Water soluble vitamins in chronic hemodialysis patients and need for supplementation. , 1993, Kidney international.

[78]  Frisancho Ar,et al.  Triceps skin fold and upper arm muscle size norms for assessment of nutritional status , 1974 .

[79]  N. Laird,et al.  Assessment of nutritional status of the National Cooperative Dialysis Study population. , 1983, Kidney international. Supplement.

[80]  E. Vonesh,et al.  Cross-sectional comparison of malnutrition in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis and hemodialysis patients. , 1995, American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation.

[81]  P. Flakoll,et al.  Exercise augments the acute anabolic effects of intradialytic parenteral nutrition in chronic hemodialysis patients. , 2004, American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism.

[82]  A. R. Frisancho,et al.  Triceps skin fold and upper arm muscle size norms for assessment of nutrition status. , 1974, The American journal of clinical nutrition.

[83]  B. Charra,et al.  Malnutrition in long-term haemodialysis survivors. , 2001, Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association.

[84]  R. Casaburi,et al.  Testosterone dose-response relationships in healthy young men. , 2001, American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism.

[85]  D. Struijk,et al.  Measurement of residual renal function in patients treated with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. , 1996, Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN.

[86]  M. Boaz,et al.  Secondary prevention with antioxidants of cardiovascular disease in endstage renal disease (SPACE): randomised placebo-controlled trial , 2000, The Lancet.

[87]  R. Marcén,et al.  Nandrolone decanoate reduces serum lipoprotein(a) concentrations in hemodialysis patients. , 1997, American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation.

[88]  J. Holley,et al.  Enteral tube feeding in a cohort of chronic hemodialysis patients. , 2002, Journal of renal nutrition : the official journal of the Council on Renal Nutrition of the National Kidney Foundation.

[89]  P. Khajehdehi,et al.  A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of supplementary vitamins E, C and their combination for treatment of haemodialysis cramps. , 2001, Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association.

[90]  Kaplan Ln,et al.  Parenteral vitamin B12 reduces hyperhomocysteinemia in end-stage renal disease. , 2001 .

[91]  S. Draibe,et al.  Decreased resting energy expenditure in non-dialysed chronic kidney disease patients. , 2004, Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association.

[92]  H. Koomans,et al.  Daily home haemodialysis in The Netherlands: effects on metabolic control, haemodynamics, and quality of life. , 1998, Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association.

[93]  A. Lau,et al.  The effects of nandrolone decanoate on nutritional parameters in hemodialysis patients. , 2002, Clinical nephrology.

[94]  T. Ziegler,et al.  Effects of recombinant human growth hormone in adults receiving maintenance hemodialysis. , 1991, Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN.

[95]  K. Johansen,et al.  Vintage, nutritional status, and survival in hemodialysis patients. , 2000, Kidney international.

[96]  F. Port,et al.  Body mass index and mortality in 'healthier' as compared with 'sicker' haemodialysis patients: results from the Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study (DOPPS). , 2001, Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association.

[97]  T. Ikizler,et al.  Improvement in nutritional parameters after initiation of chronic hemodialysis. , 2002, American Journal of Kidney Diseases.

[98]  C. Ronco,et al.  Inflammation and dietary protein intake exert competing effects on serum albumin and creatinine in hemodialysis patients. , 2001, Kidney international.

[99]  M. Laville,et al.  Effects of Recombinant Growth Factors on Energy Expenditure in Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients , 1998, Mineral and Electrolyte Metabolism.

[100]  R. Calvo,et al.  Underestimation of albumin content by bromocresol green, induced by drug displacers and uremia. , 1985, International journal of clinical pharmacology, therapy, and toxicology.

[101]  F. Scolari,et al.  Correction of metabolic acidosis increases serum albumin concentrations and decreases kinetically evaluated protein intake in haemodialysis patients: a prospective study. , 1998, Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association.

[102]  D. Fouque,et al.  Recombinant human insulin-like growth factor-1 induces an anabolic response in malnourished CAPD patients. , 2000, Kidney international.

[103]  C. Furberg,et al.  Benefits of niacin by glycemic status in patients with healed myocardial infarction (from the Coronary Drug Project). , 2005, The American journal of cardiology.

[104]  P. Flakoll,et al.  Intradialytic parenteral nutrition improves protein and energy homeostasis in chronic hemodialysis patients. , 2002, The Journal of clinical investigation.

[105]  B. Nebe,et al.  Effects of selenium supplementation on immune parameters in chronic uraemic patients on haemodialysis. , 1995, Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association.

[106]  S. Downie,et al.  Correction of acidosis in hemodialysis decreases whole-body protein degradation. , 1997, Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN.

[107]  G. Chertow,et al.  The association of intradialytic parenteral nutrition administration with survival in hemodialysis patients. , 1994, American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation.

[108]  N. Powe,et al.  Association between cholesterol level and mortality in dialysis patients: role of inflammation and malnutrition. , 2004, JAMA.

[109]  J. Boeynaems,et al.  Analyzer transfer of a broad range high-sensitivity C-reactive protein immunoassay. , 2001, Clinical laboratory.

[110]  W. Owen,et al.  Association of acidosis and nutritional parameters in hemodialysis patients. , 1999, American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation.

[111]  W. Hörl,et al.  Differential effects of growth hormone therapy in malnourished hemodialysis patients. , 2001, Kidney international.

[112]  J. Arnaud,et al.  Reversal of selenium and zinc deficiencies in chronic hemodialysis patients by intravenous sodium selenite and zinc gluconate supplementation , 1993, Biological Trace Element Research.

[113]  K. Kalantar-Zadeh,et al.  Normalized protein nitrogen appearance is correlated with hospitalization and mortality in hemodialysis patients with Kt/V greater than 1.20. , 2003, Journal of renal nutrition : the official journal of the Council on Renal Nutrition of the National Kidney Foundation.

[114]  W. Blaner,et al.  Hand-grip muscle strength, lean body mass, and plasma proteins as markers of nutritional status in patients with chronic renal failure close to start of dialysis therapy. , 2000, American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation.

[115]  G. Woodrow,et al.  Whole body and regional body composition in patients with chronic renal failure. , 1996, Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association.

[116]  R. Azar,et al.  Effect of the correction of metabolic acidosis on nutritional status in elderly patients with chronic renal failure. , 2002, Journal of renal nutrition : the official journal of the Council on Renal Nutrition of the National Kidney Foundation.

[117]  C. Ged,et al.  Impact of high-flux/high-efficiency dialysis on folate and homocysteine metabolism. , 2001, Journal of nephrology.

[118]  P. Goldwasser,et al.  Prealbumin and lipoprotein(a) in hemodialysis: relationships with patient and vascular access survival. , 1993, American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation.

[119]  J. Wahren,et al.  Effect of in vivo contact between blood and dialysis membranes on protein catabolism in humans. , 1990, Kidney international.

[120]  J. Christiansen,et al.  Influence of growth hormone on whole body and regional soft tissue composition in adult patients on hemodialysis. A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study. , 2000, Clinical nephrology.

[121]  M. Wuest,et al.  Nutritional evaluation of hemodialysis patients using an impedance index. , 1994, Clinical nephrology.

[122]  M. Rocco,et al.  Effects of dietary intake, appetite, and eating habits on dialysis and non-dialysis treatment days in hemodialysis patients: cross-sectional results from the HEMO study. , 2003, Journal of renal nutrition : the official journal of the Council on Renal Nutrition of the National Kidney Foundation.

[123]  R. Huisman,et al.  The metabolic response to ingested protein is normal in long-term hemodialysis patients. , 2004, American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation.

[124]  P. Ridker,et al.  High sensitivity C-reactive protein for predicting cardiovascular disease: an inflammatory hypothesis. , 2001, European heart journal.

[125]  C. Bigelow,et al.  Nutritional effects of delivered bicarbonate dose in maintenance hemodialysis patients. , 2003, Journal of renal nutrition : the official journal of the Council on Renal Nutrition of the National Kidney Foundation.

[126]  M. Rennie,et al.  Muscle protein metabolism during hemodialysis. , 2006, Journal of renal nutrition : the official journal of the Council on Renal Nutrition of the National Kidney Foundation.

[127]  F. Gotch,et al.  Nitrogen balance during intermittent dialysis therapy of uremia. , 1978, Kidney international.

[128]  M. Odamaki,et al.  Optimum dietary protein requirement in nondiabetic maintenance hemodialysis patients. , 2004, American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation.

[129]  X. Leverve,et al.  Influence of nutritional factors and hemodialysis adequacy on the survival of 1,610 French patients. , 2001, American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation.

[130]  N. Mittman,et al.  Serum prealbumin predicts survival in hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis: 10 years of prospective observation. , 2001, American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation.

[131]  Serum Albumin by Dye-Binding: Bromocresol Green or Bromocresol Purple? The Case for Conservatism , 1988, Annals of clinical biochemistry.

[132]  D. Jarjoura,et al.  Dialysis leg cramps. Efficacy of quinine versus vitamin E. , 1992, ASAIO journal.

[133]  J. Coresh,et al.  Randomized double-blind trial of oral essential amino acids for dialysis-associated hypoalbuminemia. , 2000, Kidney international.

[134]  G. Duggin,et al.  Energy supplementation and the nutritional status of hemodialysis patients. , 1990, The American journal of clinical nutrition.

[135]  P. Flakoll,et al.  Nutritional supplementation acutely increases albumin fractional synthetic rate in chronic hemodialysis patients. , 2004, Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN.

[136]  F C Luft,et al.  Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation near Infra-red Interactance for Nutritional Assessment of Dialysis Patients , 2022 .

[137]  Oxidative metabolism appears to be reduced in long-term hemodialysis patients. , 2005, American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation.

[138]  R. McGonigle,et al.  Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy feeding in haemodialysis out-patients. , 2000 .

[139]  Keith C. Norris,et al.  K/DOQI clinical practice guidelines for bone metabolism and disease in chronic kidney disease. , 2003, American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation.

[140]  C. Wanner,et al.  Expert Working Group report on nutrition in adult patients with renal insufficiency (part 1 of 2). , 2000, Clinical nutrition.

[141]  P. Essén,et al.  Effect of hemodialysis on protein synthesis. , 2000, Clinical nephrology.

[142]  References , 1971 .

[143]  D. Schoeller,et al.  Energy requirements in the eighth decade of life. , 2004, The American journal of clinical nutrition.

[144]  W. Coward,et al.  Validation of dietary intakes of protein and energy against 24 hour urinary N and DLW energy expenditure in middle-aged women, retired men and post-obese subjects: comparisons with validation against presumed energy requirements , 1997, European Journal of Clinical Nutrition.

[145]  G. Schulman.  Nutrition in daily hemodialysis. , 2003, American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation.

[146]  Schofield Wn,et al.  Predicting basal metabolic rate, new standards and review of previous work , 1985 .

[147]  R. Minutolo,et al.  Daily nutrient intake represents a modifiable determinant of nutritional status in chronic haemodialysis patients. , 2003, Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association.

[148]  M. Livingstone,et al.  Markers of the validity of reported energy intake. , 2003, The Journal of nutrition.

[149]  M. Elia,et al.  Multinutrient oral supplements and tube feeding in maintenance dialysis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. , 2005, American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation.

[150]  K. Sprenger,et al.  Improvement of uremic neuropathy and hypogeusia by dialysate zinc supplementation: a double-blind study. , 1983, Kidney international. Supplement.

[151]  E. Gehan,et al.  Estimation of human body surface area from height and weight. , 1970, Cancer chemotherapy reports.

[152]  R. Foley,et al.  Hypoalbuminemia, cardiac morbidity, and mortality in end-stage renal disease. , 1996, Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN.

[153]  Y. Ge,et al.  Study on nutritional status of maintenance hemodialysis patients. , 1998, Clinical nephrology.

[154]  Y. Ingenbleek,et al.  A prognostic inflammatory and nutritional index scoring critically ill patients. , 1985, International journal for vitamin and nutrition research. Internationale Zeitschrift fur Vitamin- und Ernahrungsforschung. Journal international de vitaminologie et de nutrition.

[155]  K. Farrington,et al.  The post-hemodialysis rebound: predicting and quantifying its effect on Kt/V. , 1996, Kidney international.

[156]  J. Dwyer,et al.  Association of nutritional markers with physical and mental health status in prevalent hemodialysis patients from the HEMO study. , 2002, Journal of renal nutrition : the official journal of the Council on Renal Nutrition of the National Kidney Foundation.

[157]  M. Shearer,et al.  Bone health of adult hemodialysis patients is related to vitamin K status. , 1997, Kidney international.

[158]  R. Wolfe,et al.  Testosterone administration to older men improves muscle function: molecular and physiological mechanisms. , 2002, American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism.

[159]  R. Hakim,et al.  The effects of recombinant human growth hormone and intradialytic parenteral nutrition in malnourished hemodialysis patients. , 1993, American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation.

[160]  S. Rostand.  Vitamin B12 levels and nerve conduction velocities in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis. , 1976, The American journal of clinical nutrition.

[161]  R. Huisman,et al.  Low calorie intake in dialysis patients: an alternative explanation. , 1999, American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation.

[162]  N. Kabashima,et al.  Prolonged use of intradialysis parenteral nutrition in elderly malnourished chronic haemodialysis patients. , 1998, Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association.

[163]  C. Johnson,et al.  Use of Androgens in Patients with Renal Failure , 2000, Seminars in dialysis.

[164]  R. Huisman,et al.  Effect of prescribing a high protein diet and increasing the dose of dialysis on nutrition in stable chronic haemodialysis patients: a randomized, controlled trial. , 2004, Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association.

[165]  J T Daugirdas,et al.  Simplified equations for monitoring Kt/V, PCRn, eKt/V, and ePCRn. , 1995, Advances in renal replacement therapy.

[166]  P. Degoulet,et al.  Mortality risk factors in patients treated by chronic hemodialysis. Report of the Diaphane collaborative study. , 1982, Nephron.

[167]  D. Zavala,et al.  Protective adaptation of low serum triiodothyronine in patients with chronic renal failure. , 1985, Kidney international.

[168]  T. Ikizler,et al.  Therapeutic effects of oral nutritional supplementation during hemodialysis. , 2002, Kidney international.

[169]  I. Bucci,et al.  Thyroid function and plasma selenium in chronic uremic patients on hemodialysis treatment , 1996, Biological Trace Element Research.

[170]  A. Williams,et al.  High bicarbonate dialysate in haemodialysis patients: effects on acidosis and nutritional status. , 1997, Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association.

[171]  M. Laville,et al.  Advances in anabolic interventions for malnourished dialysis patients. , 2003, Journal of renal nutrition : the official journal of the Council on Renal Nutrition of the National Kidney Foundation.

[172]  F. Locatelli,et al.  Association of predialysis serum bicarbonate levels with risk of mortality and hospitalization in the Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study (DOPPS). , 2004, American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation.

[173]  C. Pollock,et al.  Nutritional State Correlates with Renal Function at the Start of Dialysis , 2003, Peritoneal dialysis international : journal of the International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis.

[174]  J. Dwyer,et al.  Cross-sectional relationship between dietary protein and energy intake, nutritional status, functional status, and comorbidity in older versus younger hemodialysis patients. , 2002, Journal of renal nutrition : the official journal of the Council on Renal Nutrition of the National Kidney Foundation.

[175]  A. Sehgal,et al.  Barriers to adequate protein nutrition among hemodialysis patients. , 1998, Journal of renal nutrition : the official journal of the Council on Renal Nutrition of the National Kidney Foundation.

[176]  B. F. Viola,et al.  Evidence for an independent role of metabolic acidosis on nutritional status in haemodialysis patients. , 1998, Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association.

[177]  S. Draibe,et al.  Comparison of three methods for the determination of body fat in patients on long-term hemodialysis therapy. , 2003, Journal of the American Dietetic Association.

[178]  G. Mangiarotti,et al.  Hypervitaminosis B12 in Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients Receiving Massive Supplementation of Vitamin B12 , 1986, The International journal of artificial organs.

[179]  D. Fouque,et al.  Short daily hemodialysis rapidly improves nutritional status in hemodialysis patients. , 2001, Kidney international.

[180]  C. Foulks.  An evidence-based evaluation of intradialytic parenteral nutrition. , 1999, American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation.

[181]  J. Daugirdas.  Second generation logarithmic estimates of single-pool variable volume Kt/V: an analysis of error. , 1993, Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN.

[182]  A S Detsky,et al.  What is subjective global assessment of nutritional status? , 1987, JPEN. Journal of parenteral and enteral nutrition.

[183]  Alireza Aslani,et al.  Validity of subjective global assessment as a nutritional marker in end-stage renal disease. , 2002, American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation.

[184]  M. Schambelan,et al.  Anabolic effects of nandrolone decanoate in patients receiving dialysis: a randomized controlled trial. , 1999, JAMA.

[185]  S. Massry,et al.  Clinical Practice Guidelines for Bone Metabolism and Disease in Chronic Kidney Disease: An Overview , 2005, Pharmacotherapy.

[186]  J. Teruel,et al.  Effects of androgen therapy on prostatic markers in hemodialyzed patients. , 1996, Scandinavian journal of urology and nephrology.

[187]  M. Rocco,et al.  Nutritional status affects quality of life in Hemodialysis (HEMO) Study patients at baseline. , 2002, Journal of renal nutrition : the official journal of the Council on Renal Nutrition of the National Kidney Foundation.

[188]  F. Maduell,et al.  Change from three times a week on-line hemodiafiltration to short daily on-line hemodiafiltration. , 2003, Kidney international.

[189]  J. Díaz-Buxó,et al.  Daily and nocturnal hemodialysis: how do they stack up? , 2001, American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation.

[190]  R. Mak.  Effect of metabolic acidosis on branched-chain amino acids in uremia , 1999, Pediatric Nephrology.

[191]  B. Thunberg,et al.  Cross-sectional and longitudinal nutritional measurements in maintenance hemodialysis patients. , 1981, The American journal of clinical nutrition.

[192]  C. Pollock,et al.  Total body nitrogen as a prognostic marker in maintenance dialysis. , 1995, Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN.

[193]  K. Iseki,et al.  Low diastolic blood pressure, hypoalbuminemia, and risk of death in a cohort of chronic hemodialysis patients. , 1997, Kidney international.

[194]  X. Leverve,et al.  Factors influencing survival in hemodialysis patients aged older than 75 years: 2.5-year outcome study. , 2001, American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation.

[195]  P. Fein,et al.  Markers for survival in dialysis: a seven-year prospective study. , 1995, American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation.

[196]  M. Kuhlmann,et al.  High Protein/Energy vs. Standard Protein/Energy Nutritional Regimen in the Treatment of Malnourished Hemodialysis Patients , 1999, Mineral and Electrolyte Metabolism.

[197]  I. Ebihara,et al.  Nicotinamide suppresses hyperphosphatemia in hemodialysis patients. , 2004, Kidney international.

[198]  B. Kiberd,et al.  Metabolic acidosis in hemodialysis patients: a study of prevalence and factors affecting intradialytic bicarbonate gain. , 1996, Artificial organs.

[199]  R Charbonneau,et al.  Postdialysis urea rebound: determinants and influence on dialysis delivery in chronic hemodialysis patients. , 1996, American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation.

[200]  J. Firpo,et al.  Prolonged hyperalimentation in catabolic chronic dialysis therapy patients. , 1981, JPEN. Journal of parenteral and enteral nutrition.

[201]  E G Lowrie,et al.  The urea reduction ratio and serum albumin concentration as predictors of mortality in patients undergoing hemodialysis. , 1993, The New England journal of medicine.

[202]  M. Custaud,et al.  Albumin Loss in On-Line Hemodiafiltration , 2002, The International journal of artificial organs.

[203]  J. Kopple,et al.  Optimal dietary protein treatment during chronic hemodialysis. , 1969, Transactions - American Society for Artificial Internal Organs.

[204]  G. Guarnieri,et al.  Simple methods for nutritional assessment in hemodialyzed patients. , 1980, The American journal of clinical nutrition.

[205]  J. Beto,et al.  Medical nutrition therapy in chronic kidney failure: integrating clinical practice guidelines. , 2004, Journal of the American Dietetic Association.

[206]  Craig S. Wong,et al.  Increased risk for cardiovascular mortality among malnourished end-stage renal disease patients. , 2002, American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation.

[207]  M. Kooistra,et al.  Daily Home Hemodialysis: Towards a More Physiological Treatment of Patients with ESRD , 1999 .

[208]  L. Cuppari,et al.  Energy requirements in patients with chronic kidney disease. , 2004, Journal of renal nutrition : the official journal of the Council on Renal Nutrition of the National Kidney Foundation.

[209]  R Francoeur,et al.  Nocturnal hemodialysis: three-year experience. , 1998, Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN.

[210]  B. Schneeweiss,et al.  Energy metabolism in acute and chronic renal failure. , 1990, The American journal of clinical nutrition.

[211]  G. Chertow,et al.  Prealbumin is as important as albumin in the nutritional assessment of hemodialysis patients. , 2000, Kidney international.

[212]  P. Schmitz,et al.  Serum bicarbonate is an independent determinant of protein catabolic rate in chronic hemodialysis. , 1996, American journal of nephrology.

[213]  M. Wick,et al.  Serum albumin concentration-related Health Care Financing Administration quality assurance criterion is method-dependent: revision is necessary. , 1993, American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation.

[214]  F. Locatelli,et al.  Management of disturbances of calcium and phosphate metabolism in chronic renal insufficiency, with emphasis on the control of hyperphosphataemia. , 2002, Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association.

[215]  K. Kalantar-Zadeh,et al.  Trace elements and vitamins in maintenance dialysis patients. , 2003, Advances in renal replacement therapy.

[216]  M. Flanigan,et al.  Protein Intake in Patients with Renal Failure: Comments on the Current NKF‐DOQI Guidelines for Nutrition in Chronic Renal Failure , 2001, Seminars in dialysis.

[217]  V. Pollak,et al.  Anthropometric norms for the dialysis population. , 1990, American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation.

[218]  J. Kopple,et al.  Effect of energy intake on nutritional status in maintenance hemodialysis patients. , 1989, Kidney international.

[219]  A. Pinciaroli.  Results of Daily Hemodialysis in Catanzaro: 12-Year Experience With 22 Patients Treated For More Than One Year. , 1998, Home hemodialysis international. International Symposium on Daily Home Hemodialysis.

[220]  V. Launay-Vacher,et al.  Thrombocytopenia induced by nicotinamide in hemodialysis patients. , 2005, Kidney international.

[221]  W. Rand,et al.  Meta-analysis of nitrogen balance studies for estimating protein requirements in healthy adults. , 2003, The American journal of clinical nutrition.

[222]  M. Rao,et al.  A dietary survey in Indian hemodialysis patients. , 1999, Journal of renal nutrition : the official journal of the Council on Renal Nutrition of the National Kidney Foundation.

[223]  E. Lowrie,et al.  Death risk predictors among peritoneal dialysis and hemodialysis patients: a preliminary comparison. , 1995, American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation.

[224]  M. Rao,et al.  Calculated nitrogen balance in hemodialysis patients: influence of protein intake. , 2000, Kidney international.

[225]  J. Teruel,et al.  Nandrolone decanoate is a good alternative for the treatment of anemia in elderly male patients on hemodialysis. , 1999, Geriatric nephrology and urology.

[226]  H. Kushner,et al.  Effect of intradialytic parenteral nutrition on mortality rates in end-stage renal disease care. , 1994, American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation.

[227]  Y. Pirson,et al.  Daily hemodialysis and nutritional status. , 2002, Kidney international.

[228]  K. Yarasheski,et al.  The effect of uraemia, acidosis, and dialysis treatment on protein metabolism: a longitudinal leucine kinetic study. , 1998, Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association.

[229]  P. Kimmel,et al.  Body mass index, dialysis modality, and survival: analysis of the United States Renal Data System Dialysis Morbidity and Mortality Wave II Study. , 2004, Kidney international.

[230]  N. Cano.  Intradialytic parenteral nutrition: where do we go from here? , 2004, Journal of renal nutrition : the official journal of the Council on Renal Nutrition of the National Kidney Foundation.

[231]  C. Zoccali,et al.  Subjective global assessment of nutrition in dialysis patients. , 1993, Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association.

[232]  A. Bellucci,et al.  Comparison of methods for measuring albumin in peritoneal dialysis and hemodialysis patients. , 1996, American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation.

[233]  A. Priester,et al.  Slow Intensive Home Hemodialysis (SIHD): the University Hospitals of Cleveland experience. , 2000, Nephrology news & issues.

[234]  A. Steiber.  Clinical indicators associated with poor oral intake of patients with chronic renal failure. , 1999, Journal of renal nutrition : the official journal of the Council on Renal Nutrition of the National Kidney Foundation.

[235]  Chiu-Ching Huang,et al.  Low Dose Intravenous Ascorbic Acid for Erythropoietin-Hyporesponsive Anemia in Diabetic Hemodialysis Patients with Iron Overload , 2003, Renal failure.

[236]  E. Lowrie,et al.  Body weight-for-height relationships predict mortality in maintenance hemodialysis patients. , 1999, Kidney international.

[237]  P. Blake.  Growth Hormone and Malnutrition in Dialysis Patients , 1995, Peritoneal dialysis international : journal of the International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis.

[238]  G. Nergizoğlu,et al.  Randomized, crossover study of the effect of vitamin C on EPO response in hemodialysis patients. , 2003, American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation.

[239]  G. Liepa,et al.  The effects of zinc supplementation on serum zinc concentration and protein catabolic rate in hemodialysis patients. , 2000, Journal of renal nutrition : the official journal of the Council on Renal Nutrition of the National Kidney Foundation.

[240]  T. Ikizler,et al.  Does hemodialysis increase protein breakdown? Dissociation between whole-body amino acid turnover and regional muscle kinetics. , 2005, Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN.

[241]  G. Kaysen.  Biological basis of hypoalbuminemia in ESRD. , 1998, Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN.

[242]  G. Woodrow,et al.  Measurement of body composition in chronic renal failure: comparison of skinfold anthropometry and bioelectrical impedance with dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. , 1996, European journal of clinical nutrition.

[243]  A M Prentice,et al.  Human energy expenditure in affluent societies: an analysis of 574 doubly-labelled water measurements. , 1996, European journal of clinical nutrition.

[244]  P. Goldwasser,et al.  Rise in serum albumin and creatinine in the first half year on hemodialysis. , 1999, Kidney international.

[245]  P. Trumbo,et al.  Dietary reference intakes for energy, carbohydrate, fiber, fat, fatty acids, cholesterol, protein and amino acids. , 2002, Journal of the American Dietetic Association.

[246]  Ellen,et al.  Adequacy of dialysis and nutrition in continuous peritoneal dialysis: association with clinical outcomes. Canada-USA (CANUSA) Peritoneal Dialysis Study Group. , 1996, Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN.

[247]  B. Kirschbaum,et al.  Spurious metabolic acidosis in hemodialysis patients. , 2000, American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation.

[248]  A. Cusumano,et al.  Energy supplementation in chronic hemodialysis patients with moderate and severe malnutrition. , 1998, Journal of renal nutrition : the official journal of the Council on Renal Nutrition of the National Kidney Foundation.

[249]  J. Hasbargen,et al.  Correction of metabolic acidosis and its effect on albumin in chronic hemodialysis patients. , 1998, American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation.

[250]  S. Premakumari,et al.  Energy and protein requirements. , 1986, WHO chronicle.

[251]  J. Cameron,et al.  European best practice guidelines for the management of anaemia in patients with chronic renal failure. , 1999, Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association.

[252]  G. Brooks,et al.  Three weeks of caloric restriction alters protein metabolism in normal-weight, young men. , 2005, American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism.

[253]  M. Herselman,et al.  Protein-energy malnutrition as a risk factor for increased morbidity in long-term hemodialysis patients. , 2000, Journal of renal nutrition : the official journal of the Council on Renal Nutrition of the National Kidney Foundation.

[254]  G. Pallotta,et al.  Intravenous ascorbic acid in hemodialysis patients with functional iron deficiency: a clinical trial. , 2000, Journal of nephrology.

[255]  J. Durbec,et al.  Prealbumin-retinol-binding-protein-retinol complex in hemodialysis patients. , 1988, The American journal of clinical nutrition.

[256]  N. Deutz,et al.  Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation the Influence of Bicarbonate Supplementation on Plasma Levels of Branched-chain Amino Acids in Haemodialysis Patients with Metabolic Acidosis , 2022 .

[257]  F. Locatelli,et al.  Revised European best practice guidelines for the management of anaemia in patients with chronic renal failure. , 2004, Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association.

[258]  J. Dwyer,et al.  Nutritional status assessed from anthropometric measures in the HEMO study. , 2003, Journal of renal nutrition : the official journal of the Council on Renal Nutrition of the National Kidney Foundation.

[259]  A. Torres,et al.  Protein intake, control of serum phosphorus, and relatively low levels of parathyroid hormone in elderly hemodialysis patients. , 2001, American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation.

[260]  F. Minuto,et al.  Effects of recombinant human growth hormone on muscle protein turnover in malnourished hemodialysis patients. , 1997, The Journal of clinical investigation.

[261]  M. Macía,et al.  Amino acid losses during hemodialysis with polyacrylonitrile membranes: effect of intradialytic amino acid supplementation on plasma amino acid concentrations and nutritional variables in nondiabetic patients. , 2000, The American journal of clinical nutrition.

[262]  T A Ikizler,et al.  Amino acid and albumin losses during hemodialysis. , 1994, Kidney international.

[263]  E G Lowrie,et al.  Death risk in hemodialysis patients: the predictive value of commonly measured variables and an evaluation of death rate differences between facilities. , 1990, American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation.

[264]  J. Breyer,et al.  Short-term effects of recombinant human growth hormone in CAPD patients. , 1994, Kidney international.

[265]  Rajiv Ranjan Kumar,et al.  Improved biochemical variables, nutrient intake, and hormonal factors in slow nocturnal hemodialysis: a pilot study. , 1998, Mayo Clinic proceedings.

[266]  A. R. Frisancho.  New standards of weight and body composition by frame size and height for assessment of nutritional status of adults and the elderly. , 1984, The American journal of clinical nutrition.

[267]  M. Laville,et al.  Nutritional aspects in hemodialysis. , 2000, Kidney international. Supplement.

[268]  R. Parker,et al.  Spontaneous dietary protein intake during progression of chronic renal failure. , 1995, Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN.

[269]  J. Blundell,et al.  Zinc supplementation at conventional doses does not improve the disturbance of taste perception in hemodialysis patients. , 2003, Journal of renal nutrition : the official journal of the Council on Renal Nutrition of the National Kidney Foundation.

[270]  N. Aysuna,et al.  Effects of Zinc Supplementation on the Immune System and on Antibody Response to Multivalent Influenza Vaccine in Hemodialysis Patients , 1998, The International journal of artificial organs.

[271]  L. Hebert,et al.  Safety and tolerance of medical nutritional products as sole sources of nutrition in people on hemodialysis. , 1998, Journal of renal nutrition : the official journal of the Council on Renal Nutrition of the National Kidney Foundation.

[272]  A. R. Frisancho,et al.  New norms of upper limb fat and muscle areas for assessment of nutritional status. , 1981, The American journal of clinical nutrition.

[273]  J. Kopple,et al.  Energy expenditure in patients with chronic renal failure. , 1986, Kidney international.

[274]  K. Iseki,et al.  Serum albumin is a strong predictor of death in chronic dialysis patients. , 1993, Kidney international.

[275]  G. Hill,et al.  Grip strength: A measure of the proportion of protein loss in surgical patients , 1988, The British journal of surgery.

[276]  B. Lindholm,et al.  Factors predicting malnutrition in hemodialysis patients: a cross-sectional study. , 1998, Kidney international.

[277]  J. Durnin,et al.  Body fat assessed from total body density and its estimation from skinfold thickness: measurements on 481 men and women aged from 16 to 72 Years , 1974, British Journal of Nutrition.

[278]  K. Koch,et al.  Dietary salt restriction and reduction of dialysate sodium to control hypertension in maintenance haemodialysis patients. , 1998, Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association.