An integrated analysis of secondary school students’ conceptions and beliefs about learning

Students’ conceptions and beliefs about learning are constructs that have been proposed in two independent lines of research, phenomenographic and metacognitive, and analysed using qualitative and quantitative methodologies, respectively. The present research examines and integrates in a single study both constructs and methodologies. Data were collected through an open-ended task (Tynjäla, 1997) and an epistemological questionnaire (Schommer, 1990), administered to a sample of 1,200 secondary students. Three major statistically significant findings emerged. First, students’ conceptions of learning and epistemological beliefs changed from simplistic to more complex as they progressed through school. Second, the two constructs were linked to each other. The most advanced category on the ‘dimension of depth’ of learning conceptions corresponded to the highest scores at the complex pole of the belief system. Third, learning conceptions as well as epistemological beliefs were predictors of academic performance. The more capable students were of constructing meaning, the better their academic achievement appeared to be. Theoretical and educational implications are discussed with regard to further research, classroom instruction, and the value of combining both research methodologies in order to deepen our understanding of students’ learning experience.RésuméLes conceptions et croyances des étudiants sur l’apprentissage sont les constructs qui ont été proposés en suivant deux lignes indépendantes de recherche, la phénoménographique et la métacognitive, et qui on été analysés en utilisant respectivement une méthodologie qualitative et une autre quantitative. La présente recherche examine et intégre ensemble les constructs et les méthodologies dans une même et unique étude. Les données furent obtenues à partir d’une tâche initiée l’élève devait finir (Tynjäla, 1997) et d’un questionnaire épistémologique (Schommer, 1990), tous deux administrés à un échantillon de 1200 collégiens et lycéens. Trois résultats significatifs du point de vue statistique surgirent. En premier lieu, les conceptions d’apprentissage des étudiants et leur croyances épistémologiques changeaient de la simplicité à une plus grande complexité au fur et à mesure qu’ils progressaient durant leur scolarité. En second lieu, les deux constructs étaient en liaison l’un avec l’autre. La catégorie plus avancée concernant la ‘profondeur dimensionnelle’ des conceptions d’apprentissage correspondait aux résultats plus élevés dans le complexe pole du système de croyance. En troisième lieu, aussi bien les conceptions d’apprentissage que les croyances épistémologiques étaient les pronostiqueurs du rendement académique. Plus les étudiants étaient capables de comprendre le sens, meilleur semblait être leur rendement académique.

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