When fish meet a trawling vessel : examining the behaviour of gadoids using a free-floating buoy and acoustic split-beam tracking

The reaction of individual gadoids to a bottom-trawling vessel has been observed in situ in the Barents Sea using a free-floating buoy and acoustic target-tracking methods. More than 20 000 tracks were analysed in terms of velocity changes in vertical, athwarthship, and alongship direction relative to the vessel, the warps, and the trawl, respectively. The fish starts diving about 15 min before vessel passing. This coincides with the time the trawl is running and not with the gradual increase in vessel noise caused by the approaching vessel. The change in horizontal movement is more gradual and is directed away from the vessel in the alongship direction, but towards the vessel in the athwarthship direction. The strongest and sharpest response is related to the trawl warps. A strong herding in front of the warps is seen. Closer to the bottom, an athwarthship herding reaction is seen away from the trawl doors or possibly the lower parts of the warps. There were only minor differences when grouping the tracks according to light level, fish size, and fish density. Resume : L'utilisation d'une bouee derivante et de methodes acoustiques de suivi de cibles dans la mer de Barents a permis d'observer in situ la reaction de gadoides individuels a un chalutier de fond. Nous avons ainsi analyse plus de 20 000 trajectoires en ce qui a trait aux changements de vitesse en directions verticale, perpendiculaire et parallele au navire, aux aussieres et au chalut. Le poisson commence a plonger environ 15 min avant le passage du navire. Cela coincide avec le temps d'utilisation du chalut et non avec l'accroissement graduel du bruit cause par l'approche du navire. Le changement dans le deplacement horizontal est plus graduel et il est oriente en direction opposee au navire chez les poissons qui se deplacent parallelement au navire et en direction du navire chez les poissons qui se deplacent perpendiculairement au navire. Les reactions les plus fortes et les plus marquees sont associees aux aussieres du chalut. On observe de forts rassemblements devant les aussieres. Plus pres du fond, il se fait une reaction de rassemblement vers le navire pour fuir les portes du chalut ou peut-etre les parties plus basses des aussieres. Il n'y a que des differences mineures lorsqu'on regroupe les trajectoires en fonction du niveau de lumiere, de la taille des poissons et de la densite des poissons. (Traduit par la Redaction)

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