Impact of Imperfect Angle Estimation on Spatial and Directional Modulation

In this paper, we investigate the impact of imperfect angle estimation (IAE) on spatial and directional modulation (SDM) systems, assuming that the signal experiences line of sight (LoS) propagation. In SDM systems with IAE, the variation is analyzed in detail, when there is a mismatch between the beamforming and precise channel matrices. Based on the union bound and statistics theory, the average bit error probabilities (ABEPs) for both the legitimate user and eavesdropper are derived. In addition, the ergodic rate is also quantified with IAE. Simulation results are presented to show that the achieved theoretical ABEPs are useful in quantifying the potential performance penalty. We also show that the mismatch between the beamforming and precise channel matrices will become greater with the increase in direction measurement error (DME), which affects the detection for both the legitimate user and eavesdropper. On the other hand, due to the effect of IAE, the SDM requires more signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) gain to achieve a stable ergodic secrecy rate.

[1]  Sanjeev Jain,et al.  A Survey on Energy Efficient Narrowband Internet of Things (NBIoT): Architecture, Application and Challenges , 2019, IEEE Access.

[2]  Matthieu R. Bloch,et al.  Wireless Information-Theoretic Security , 2008, IEEE Transactions on Information Theory.

[3]  E. J. Baghdady.  Directional Signal Modulation by Means of Switched Spaced Antennas , 1987 .

[4]  Jun Li,et al.  Robust Secure Transmission of Using Main-Lobe-Integration-Based Leakage Beamforming in Directional Modulation MU-MIMO Systems , 2017, IEEE Systems Journal.

[5]  Lajos Hanzo,et al.  Effects of Channel Estimation on Spatial Modulation , 2012, IEEE Signal Processing Letters.

[6]  Lie-Liang Yang,et al.  Error Probability and Capacity Analysis of Generalised Pre-Coding Aided Spatial Modulation , 2015, IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications.

[7]  Feng Shu,et al.  Artificial-Noise-Aided Secure Multicast Precoding for Directional Modulation Systems , 2017, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology.

[8]  Yuan Ding,et al.  A Vector Approach for the Analysis and Synthesis of Directional Modulation Transmitters , 2014, IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation.

[9]  M. Daly,et al.  Directional Modulation Technique for Phased Arrays , 2009, IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation.

[10]  Miaowen Wen,et al.  Secrecy-Enhancing Scheme for Spatial Modulation , 2018, IEEE Communications Letters.

[11]  Shaoqian Li,et al.  6G Wireless Communications: Vision and Potential Techniques , 2019, IEEE Network.

[12]  Feng Shu,et al.  Robust Synthesis Scheme for Secure Multi-Beam Directional Modulation in Broadcasting Systems , 2016, IEEE Access.

[13]  Robert W. Heath,et al.  An attack on antenna subset modulation for millimeter wave communication , 2015, 2015 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP).

[14]  Xin Su,et al.  Capacity analysis and antenna selection strategy for multi-user distributed antenna system , 2011, 2011 11th International Conference on ITS Telecommunications.

[15]  Wei Fan,et al.  Millimeter Wave Multi-User Performance Evaluation Based on Measured Channels With Virtual Antenna Array Channel Sounder , 2018, IEEE Access.

[16]  Lifeng Wang,et al.  Safeguarding 5G wireless communication networks using physical layer security , 2015, IEEE Communications Magazine.

[17]  Erik G. Larsson,et al.  Massive MIMO for next generation wireless systems , 2013, IEEE Communications Magazine.

[18]  Yukitoshi Sanada,et al.  System Throughput Analysis on Using Joint Detection in Distributed Antenna System , 2018, 2018 IEEE 88th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC-Fall).

[19]  Jun Li,et al.  Robust Synthesis Method for Secure Directional Modulation With Imperfect Direction Angle , 2016, IEEE Communications Letters.

[20]  Daniel Castanheira,et al.  Distributed antenna system capacity scaling [Coordinated and Distributed MIMO] , 2010, IEEE Wireless Communications.

[21]  Zuohong Xu,et al.  Directional Modulation Aided Secure Spatial Modulation , 2018 .

[22]  Qidi You,et al.  Spatial and directional modulation with scrambling , 2019, Phys. Commun..

[23]  Vincent Fusco,et al.  A review of directional modulation technology , 2015, International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies.

[24]  Vincent Fusco,et al.  Orthogonal Vector Approach for Synthesis of Multi-Beam Directional Modulation Transmitters , 2015, IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters.

[25]  Harald Haas,et al.  Spatial Modulation , 2008, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology.

[26]  Quan Zhou,et al.  Modeling of satellite communication systems design with physical layer security , 2017, 2017 International Conference on Wireless Communications, Signal Processing and Networking (WiSPNET).

[27]  Hüseyin Arslan,et al.  On directional modulation: An analysis of transmission scheme with multiple directions , 2015, 2015 IEEE International Conference on Communication Workshop (ICCW).

[28]  Jun Li,et al.  Artificial-Noise-Aided Secure Transmission With Directional Modulation Based on Random Frequency Diverse Arrays , 2016, IEEE Access.

[29]  Lie-Liang Yang,et al.  Generalised Pre-Coding Aided Spatial Modulation , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications.

[30]  Qian Wang,et al.  Secure Directional Modulation to Enhance Physical Layer Security in IoT Networks , 2017 .

[31]  Lav Gupta,et al.  Survey of Important Issues in UAV Communication Networks , 2016, IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials.

[32]  Yuan Ding,et al.  Establishing Metrics for Assessing the Performance of Directional Modulation Systems , 2014, IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation.

[33]  Xiaohu You,et al.  Directional Modulation: A Secure Solution to 5G and Beyond Mobile Networks , 2018, ArXiv.

[34]  Erica L. Daly,et al.  Demonstration of Directional Modulation Using a Phased Array , 2010, IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation.

[35]  Robert W. Heath,et al.  Antenna Subset Modulation for secure millimeter-wave wireless communication , 2013, 2013 IEEE Globecom Workshops (GC Wkshps).

[36]  Khairi Ashour Hamdi,et al.  Switched Phased-Array Transmission Architecture for Secure Millimeter-Wave Wireless Communication , 2016, IEEE Transactions on Communications.

[37]  Gang Wu,et al.  Directional Modulation With Cooperative Receivers , 2018, IEEE Access.