Risk-Based Long Term Integration of PEV Charge Stations and CHP Units Concerning Demand Response Participation of Customers in an Equilibrium Constrained Modeling Framework

Distribution networks are going toward the integration of distributed generators (DGs) to delivering the electrical energy in a cleaner and reliable manner to the customers. Additionally their implementation can yield the improvement in voltage profile and reduction in lost power for distribution companies (DISCO). Along with development of RESs, plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) with a clean energy have an acceptable growth in both the number and technology. This chapter introduces the planning of PEV charge station and CHP units in distribution networks in the presence of long term demand response (DR) for interested customers. Since these DR customers seek to attain a higher profit by participating in DR and mutually the DISCO seeks to lessen the planning cost, the problem is modelled in a leader-follower Stackelberg framework. To this end, the bi-level planning problem is converted into a single-level problem using the KKT condition and implementing the equilibrium constrained concept for the lower level problem. Furthermore due to the existence uncertainties in the network, the risk management is considered in this chapter by modelling the payoff function of DR customers with conditional value at risk (CvaR).