Internet Addiction and Other Behavioral Addictions.

The Internet is increasingly influential in the lives of adolescents. Although there are many positives, there are also risks related to excessive use and addiction. It is important to recognize clinical signs and symptoms of Internet addiction (compulsive use, withdrawal, tolerance, and adverse consequences), treat comorbid conditions (other substance use disorders, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, anxiety, depression, and hostility), and initiate psychosocial interventions. More research on this topic will help to provide consensus on diagnostic criteria and further clarify optimal management.

[1]  P. Peukert,et al.  Internet- und Computerspielabhängigkeit , 2010 .

[2]  Winfried Rief,et al.  Treatment of internet addiction: a meta-analysis. , 2013, Clinical psychology review.

[3]  Jin Jing,et al.  Factors Associated with Internet Addiction among Adolescents , 2009, Cyberpsychology Behav. Soc. Netw..

[4]  D. Gentile,et al.  Pathological Video Game Use Among Youths: A Two-Year Longitudinal Study , 2011, Pediatrics.

[5]  Brad A. Grueter,et al.  Biological substrates of addiction. , 2014, Wiley interdisciplinary reviews. Cognitive science.

[6]  Kimberly Young,et al.  Internet Addiction: The Emergence of a New Clinical Disorder , 1998, Cyberpsychology Behav. Soc. Netw..

[7]  G J Barker,et al.  The neural basis of video gaming , 2011, Translational Psychiatry.

[8]  C. Ko,et al.  The comorbid psychiatric symptoms of Internet addiction: attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), depression, social phobia, and hostility. , 2007, The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine.

[9]  M. Spada An overview of problematic internet use. , 2014, Addictive behaviors.

[10]  C. Ko,et al.  The association between Internet addiction and psychiatric disorder: A review of the literature , 2012, European Psychiatry.

[11]  A. Batra,et al.  [Internet- and computer game addiction: phenomenology, comorbidity, etiology, diagnostics and therapeutic implications for the addictives and their relatives]. , 2010, Psychiatrische Praxis.

[12]  Regina J. J. M. van den Eijnden,et al.  Predicting Compulsive Internet Use: It's All about Sex! , 2006, Cyberpsychology Behav. Soc. Netw..

[13]  Konstantinos Siomos,et al.  Internet Addiction among Greek Adolescent Students , 2008, Cyberpsychology Behav. Soc. Netw..

[14]  L. Lam Risk Factors of Internet Addiction and the Health Effect of Internet Addiction on Adolescents: A Systematic Review of Longitudinal and Prospective Studies , 2014, Current Psychiatry Reports.

[15]  D. Shek,et al.  Testing Longitudinal Relationships between Internet Addiction and Well-Being in Hong Kong Adolescents: Cross-Lagged Analyses Based on three Waves of Data , 2017, Child Indicators Research.

[16]  Q. Lu,et al.  What makes Internet addicts continue playing online even when faced by severe negative consequences? Possible explanations from an fMRI study , 2013, Biological Psychology.

[17]  C. Ko,et al.  Predictive values of psychiatric symptoms for internet addiction in adolescents: a 2-year prospective study. , 2009, Archives of pediatrics & adolescent medicine.

[18]  Laura Kann,et al.  Youth risk behavior surveillance--United States, 2013. , 2014, MMWR supplements.

[19]  Janet B W Williams,et al.  Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders , 2013 .

[20]  C. Ko,et al.  The association between harmful alcohol use and Internet addiction among college students: Comparison of personality , 2009, Psychiatry and clinical neurosciences.

[21]  Lianne M. Keemink,et al.  Error processing and response inhibition in excessive computer game players: an event‐related potential study , 2012, Addiction biology.

[22]  S. Park,et al.  Prevalence of Internet addiction and correlations with family factors among South Korean adolescents. , 2008, Adolescence.

[23]  Chih-Hung Ko,et al.  Proposed diagnostic criteria and the screening and diagnosing tool of Internet addiction in college students. , 2009, Comprehensive psychiatry.

[24]  P. Renshaw,et al.  Dopamine Genes and Reward Dependence in Adolescents with Excessive Internet Video Game Play , 2007, Journal of addiction medicine.

[25]  D. Brooks,et al.  Evidence for striatal dopamine release during a video game , 1998, Nature.

[26]  P. Renshaw,et al.  Substance abuse precedes Internet addiction. , 2013, Addictive behaviors.

[27]  T. Robbins,et al.  Review Personality, Addiction, Dopamine: Insights from Parkinson's Disease Table 1. Possible Site of Striatal Dopamine Dysfunction Causing Different Motor and Cognitive Symptoms in Parkinson's Disease , 2022 .

[28]  Reinout W. Wiers,et al.  Online Gaming Addiction? Motives Predict Addictive Play Behavior in Massively Multiplayer Online Role-Playing Games , 2012, Cyberpsychology Behav. Soc. Netw..

[29]  Inger Johanne Bakken,et al.  Internet addiction among Norwegian adults: a stratified probability sample study. , 2009, Scandinavian journal of psychology.

[30]  Chih-Hung Ko,et al.  Psychiatric symptoms in adolescents with Internet addiction: Comparison with substance use , 2008, Psychiatry and clinical neurosciences.

[31]  David Wolf,et al.  An Ongoing Study of Group Treatment for Men Involved in Problematic Internet-Enabled Sexual Behavior , 2006, Cyberpsychology Behav. Soc. Netw..

[32]  Eve H. Limbrick-Oldfield,et al.  Disordered gambling: a behavioral addiction , 2013, Current Opinion in Neurobiology.

[33]  M. Brand,et al.  Prefrontal Control and Internet Addiction: A Theoretical Model and Review of Neuropsychological and Neuroimaging Findings , 2014, Front. Hum. Neurosci..

[34]  E. Aboujaoude Problematic Internet use: an overview , 2010, World psychiatry : official journal of the World Psychiatric Association.

[35]  E. Wolters,et al.  Case Studies in the Advancement of Parkinson's Disease , 2008, CNS Spectrums.

[36]  Dimitri A Christakis,et al.  Trapped in the net: will internet addiction become a 21st-century epidemic? , 2009, Archives of pediatrics & adolescent medicine.

[37]  D. Black,et al.  Internet Addiction , 2008, CNS drugs.

[38]  M. Potenza Should addictive disorders include non-substance-related conditions? , 2006, Addiction.

[39]  M. Kaess,et al.  The Association between Pathological Internet Use and Comorbid Psychopathology: A Systematic Review , 2012, Psychopathology.

[40]  Sang Hee Kim,et al.  Reduced striatal dopamine D2 receptors in people with Internet addiction , 2011, Neuroreport.

[41]  C. Ko,et al.  Proposed Diagnostic Criteria of Internet Addiction for Adolescents , 2005, The Journal of nervous and mental disease.

[42]  P. Renshaw,et al.  The effect of methylphenidate on Internet video game play in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. , 2009, Comprehensive psychiatry.

[43]  C. Ko,et al.  Brain activities associated with gaming urge of online gaming addiction. , 2009, Journal of psychiatric research.

[44]  M. Saroldi,et al.  Addictive behaviors and personality traits in adolescents , 2015, CNS Spectrums.

[45]  Mark D. Griffiths,et al.  A Psychometric Comparison of the Internet Addiction Test, the Internet-Related Problem Scale, and Self-Diagnosis , 2011, Cyberpsychology Behav. Soc. Netw..

[46]  M. Kaess,et al.  Pathological Internet use among adolescents: Comparing gamers and non-gamers , 2015, Psychiatry Research.

[47]  Chih-Hung Ko,et al.  The Association between Internet Addiction and Belief of Frustration Intolerance: The Gender Difference , 2008, Cyberpsychology Behav. Soc. Netw..

[48]  Daniel T L Shek,et al.  Evaluation of an Internet addiction treatment program for Chinese adolescents in Hong Kong. , 2009, Adolescence.

[49]  Chih-Hung Ko,et al.  Factors Predictive for Incidence and Remission of Internet Addiction in Young Adolescents: A Prospective Study , 2007, Cyberpsychology Behav. Soc. Netw..

[50]  Dike van de Mheen,et al.  Compulsive Internet use: the role of online gaming and other internet applications. , 2010, The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine.

[51]  Ya-song Du,et al.  Longer Term Effect of Randomized, Controlled Group Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Internet Addiction in Adolescent Students in Shanghai , 2010, The Australian and New Zealand journal of psychiatry.

[52]  Yan Zhou,et al.  Gray matter abnormalities in Internet addiction: a voxel-based morphometry study. , 2011, European journal of radiology.

[53]  Keith W. Beard,et al.  Internet Addiction: A Review of Current Assessment Techniques and Potential Assessment Questions , 2005, Cyberpsychology Behav. Soc. Netw..

[54]  Kanwal Nalwa,et al.  Internet Addiction in Students: A Cause of Concern , 2003, Cyberpsychology Behav. Soc. Netw..

[55]  Chih-Hung Ko,et al.  Bidirectional associations between family factors and Internet addiction among adolescents in a prospective investigation , 2015, Psychiatry and clinical neurosciences.

[56]  M. Potenza,et al.  Neurobiology of Adolescent Substance Use and Addictive Behaviors: Prevention and Treatment Implications , 2014 .

[57]  A. Goodman Neurobiology of addiction. An integrative review. , 2008, Biochemical pharmacology.

[58]  Chih-Hung Ko,et al.  Family Factors of Internet Addiction and Substance Use Experience in Taiwanese Adolescents , 2007, Cyberpsychology Behav. Soc. Netw..

[59]  C. Holden Psychiatry. Behavioral addictions debut in proposed DSM-V. , 2010, Science.

[60]  M. Kaess,et al.  Prevalence of pathological internet use among adolescents in Europe: demographic and social factors. , 2012, Addiction.

[61]  Silu Chen,et al.  Factors Influencing Internet Addiction in a Sample of Freshmen University Students in China , 2009, Cyberpsychology Behav. Soc. Netw..

[62]  S. Pallanti,et al.  Internet addiction: a descriptive clinical study focusing on comorbidities and dissociative symptoms. , 2009, Comprehensive psychiatry.

[63]  Kyunghee Kim,et al.  Internet addiction in Korean adolescents and its relation to depression and suicidal ideation: a questionnaire survey. , 2006, International journal of nursing studies.

[64]  L. Clark,et al.  Behavioral addictions , 2014 .

[65]  Jinkyu Han,et al.  Internet overuse and excessive daytime sleepiness in adolescents , 2009, Psychiatry and clinical neurosciences.

[66]  C. Yen,et al.  Multi-dimensional correlates of Internet addiction symptoms in adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder , 2015, Psychiatry Research.

[67]  King-wa Fu,et al.  Internet addiction: prevalence, discriminant validity and correlates among adolescents in Hong Kong , 2010, British Journal of Psychiatry.

[68]  Luca Milani,et al.  Quality of Interpersonal Relationships and Problematic Internet Use in Adolescence , 2009, Cyberpsychology Behav. Soc. Netw..

[69]  A. Weinstein,et al.  Internet Addiction or Excessive Internet Use , 2010, The American journal of drug and alcohol abuse.

[70]  Lawrence T Lam,et al.  Effect of pathological use of the internet on adolescent mental health: a prospective study. , 2010, Archives of pediatrics & adolescent medicine.

[71]  Jie Tian,et al.  Microstructure Abnormalities in Adolescents with Internet Addiction Disorder , 2011, PloS one.

[72]  Chih-Hung Ko,et al.  The Association between Adult ADHD Symptoms and Internet Addiction among College Students: The Gender Difference , 2009, Cyberpsychology Behav. Soc. Netw..

[73]  C. Ko,et al.  The association between suicidality and Internet addiction and activities in Taiwanese adolescents. , 2014, Comprehensive psychiatry.

[74]  M. Twohig,et al.  Acceptance and commitment therapy as a treatment for problematic internet pornography viewing. , 2010, Behavior therapy.

[75]  Mark D. Griffiths,et al.  IN STUDENTS : PREVALENCE AND RISK FACTORS 1 Internet addiction in students : Prevalence and risk factors , 2014 .

[76]  M. Potenza,et al.  Introduction to Behavioral Addictions , 2010, The American journal of drug and alcohol abuse.

[77]  Kimberly Young,et al.  Cognitive Behavior Therapy with Internet Addicts: Treatment Outcomes and Implications , 2007, Cyberpsychology Behav. Soc. Netw..

[78]  M. Griffiths,et al.  Internet and Gaming Addiction: A Systematic Literature Review of Neuroimaging Studies , 2012, Brain sciences.

[79]  M. Griffiths,et al.  Online Social Networking and Addiction—A Review of the Psychological Literature , 2011, International journal of environmental research and public health.

[80]  Chih-Hung Ko,et al.  The exacerbation of depression, hostility, and social anxiety in the course of Internet addiction among adolescents: a prospective study. , 2014, Comprehensive psychiatry.

[81]  Chih-Hung Ko,et al.  The associations between aggressive behaviors and internet addiction and online activities in adolescents. , 2009, The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine.

[82]  Mark D. Griffiths,et al.  Gaming Addiction : The Role of Sensation Seeking , Self-Control , Neuroticism , Aggression , State Anxiety , and Trait Anxiety , 2010 .

[83]  Christina Brezing,et al.  Non-substance-addictive behaviors in youth: pathological gambling and problematic Internet use. , 2010, Child and adolescent psychiatric clinics of North America.

[84]  P. Renshaw,et al.  Bupropion sustained release treatment decreases craving for video games and cue-induced brain activity in patients with internet video game addiction , 2011 .

[85]  De-Lin Sun,et al.  Decision-Making and Prepotent Response Inhibition Functions in Excessive Internet Users , 2009, CNS Spectrums.

[86]  C. Yen,et al.  The association of Internet addiction symptoms with anxiety, depression and self-esteem among adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. , 2014, Comprehensive psychiatry.

[87]  Daniel L. King,et al.  Assessing clinical trials of Internet addiction treatment: a systematic review and CONSORT evaluation. , 2011, Clinical Psychology Review.

[88]  Edward T. Bullmore,et al.  Impaired Decisional Impulsivity in Pathological Videogamers , 2013, PloS one.