Current status of distributed energy system in China

Due to its promising benefits in energy and environment, distributed energy system (DES) has increasingly attracted extensive attention worldwide. The application of DES has been increased rapidly in recent years with the supportive government policies and financial incentives. Therefore, it is necessary to systematically summarize and analyze the development status of DES in China. This paper not only presents researches, applications and policies, but provides some relevant suggestion and prospects on DES of China. DES especially the hybrid energy system that gas-fired combined cooling, heating and power (CCHP) with renewable energy (solar and wind) will become the mainstream of future energy supply technologies in China. The paper will be helpful for international stakeholders in energy field to have better understanding on the progress of DES in China, which will benefit them in two aspects: one is that the Chinese situation will be a reference for their own countries or regions to develop energy policy and technology regarding DES, another is that they may be helped to find opportunities in Chinese market, while to contribute to Chinese DES development.

[1]  Weijun Gao,et al.  Optimal option of distributed generation technologies for various commercial buildings , 2009 .

[2]  Miao Li,et al.  Optimization and analysis of CCHP system based on energy loads coupling of residential and office buildings , 2014 .

[3]  Pei Liu,et al.  Integrated energy strategy for the sustainable development of China , 2011 .

[4]  Sheng Li,et al.  Multi-objective optimal operation strategy study of micro-CCHP system , 2012, Energy.

[5]  Chengshan Wang,et al.  Model of distribution system total supply capability considering feeder and substation transformer contingencies , 2015 .

[6]  Jian Wang,et al.  Optimal Sizing for the CCHP System Based on Software LINGO , 2012 .

[7]  Huang Xing-hua Integrated Optimization of Scheme and Operation Strategy for CCHP System , 2006 .

[8]  Jun Peng Liu,et al.  Operation Optimization of CCHP System by Linear Programming with Graphic Solution in China , 2013 .

[9]  Chen Qinglin Study on the optimal design and operation strategy of distributed energy system considering environment , 2005 .

[10]  Chunfa Zhang,et al.  Environmental impact analysis of BCHP system in different climate zones in China , 2010 .

[11]  Jiangjiang Wang,et al.  Integrated evaluation of distributed triple-generation systems using improved grey incidence approach , 2008 .

[12]  Sheng Liu,et al.  Uncertain programming of building cooling heating and power (BCHP) system based on Monte-Carlo method , 2010 .

[13]  You-Yin Jing,et al.  Multi-objective optimization design and operation strategy analysis of BCHP system based on life cycle assessment , 2012 .

[14]  Zhiqiang Zhai,et al.  Particle swarm optimization for redundant building cooling heating and power system , 2010 .

[15]  Jia-cong Cao,et al.  Simulation and optimization of the performance in the air-conditioning season of a BCHP system in China , 2008 .

[16]  Zhao Hua The Development Prospects and Economic Analysis of Gas Distributed Energy , 2012 .

[17]  Jin Hongguang Technology of Gas Turbine Tri-generation (Cooling, Heating and Electric Power) System and Its Economic Analysis , 2005 .

[18]  Yiping Dai,et al.  A new combined cooling, heating and power system driven by solar energy , 2009 .

[19]  Ruzhu Wang,et al.  Optimal operation of a micro-combined cooling, heating and power system driven by a gas engine , 2009 .

[20]  Sau Man Lai,et al.  Integration of trigeneration system and thermal storage under demand uncertainties , 2010 .

[21]  Minlin Yang,et al.  Research, development and the prospect of combined cooling, heating, and power systems , 2010 .

[22]  Yu Li-jun Integration and Optimized Operation of Coupling-based Building Energy Supply System , 2013 .

[23]  Qunyin Gu,et al.  Integrated assessment of combined cooling heating and power systems under different design and management options for residential buildings in Shanghai , 2012 .

[24]  Jiangjiang Wang,et al.  Influence analysis of building types and climate zones on energetic, economic and environmental performances of BCHP systems , 2011 .

[25]  Zhang Yua A Combined Cooling,Heating and Power(CCHP) System Based on Advanced Adiabatic Compressed Air Energy Storage(AA-CAES) Technology , 2013 .

[26]  Jing Ding,et al.  An overview of the political, technical and economical aspects of gas-fired distributed energy system in China , 2013 .

[27]  Zhou De-qun A analysis of the complexity feature of decentralized energy systems , 2010 .

[28]  Fei Zeng,et al.  Study on Gas Turbine-Based CCHP System with Multi-Objective Evaluation Index , 2013 .

[29]  Chuck Yu,et al.  Optimized Configuration of Cooling Source in Districted CCHP System: A Case Study in Guangxi , 2014 .

[30]  Yiping Dai,et al.  Capacity allocation of a hybrid energy storage system for power system peak shaving at high wind power penetration level , 2015 .

[31]  Qiong Wu,et al.  Multi-objective optimization for the operation of distributed energy systems considering economic and environmental aspects , 2010 .

[32]  Zhiqiang Zhai,et al.  Optimization design of BCHP system to maximize to save energy and reduce environmental impact , 2010 .

[33]  Wei Chen,et al.  Analysis of total energy system based on solid oxide fuel cell for combined cooling and power applications , 2010 .

[34]  Jin Jing Research progress of optimization for distributed energy system in domestic , 2012 .

[35]  Michael C. Georgiadis,et al.  A two-stage stochastic programming model for the optimal design of distributed energy systems , 2013 .

[36]  Hongbo Ren,et al.  Optimal option of distributed energy systems for building complexes in different climate zones in China , 2012 .

[37]  You-Yin Jing,et al.  Optimization of capacity and operation for CCHP system by genetic algorithm , 2010 .

[38]  Kuo-Hao Chang,et al.  Optimal design of hybrid renewable energy systems using simulation optimization , 2015, Simul. Model. Pract. Theory.

[39]  Chao Yang,et al.  Feasibility of CCHP System in Certain Large-Scale Public Building , 2012 .

[40]  Edris Pouresmaeil,et al.  Distributed energy resources and benefits to the environment , 2010 .

[41]  Jiang Run The Optimal Analysis of CCHP Operating Modes' Performance , 2013 .

[42]  Sunanda Sinha,et al.  Review of recent trends in optimization techniques for solar photovoltaic–wind based hybrid energy systems , 2015 .

[43]  Zhiqiang Zhai,et al.  Sensitivity analysis of optimal model on building cooling heating and power system , 2011 .

[44]  Long Wei-ding,et al.  An optimal sizing method for cogeneration plants , 2006 .

[45]  Ruzhu Wang,et al.  Energy optimization model for a CCHP system with available gas turbines , 2005 .

[46]  Yan Xia,et al.  DES/CCHP: The best utilization mode of natural gas for China’s low carbon economy , 2013 .

[47]  Youming Chen,et al.  Role of BCHP in energy and environmental sustainable development and its prospects in China , 2007 .

[48]  Zhang Chun-fa,et al.  Multi-criteria analysis of combined cooling, heating and power systems in different climate zones in China , 2010 .

[49]  Y. M. Shi,et al.  Sensitivity analysis of energy demands on performance of CCHP system , 2008 .

[50]  Kashem M. Muttaqi,et al.  Sustainable energy system design with distributed renewable resources considering economic, environmental and uncertainty aspects , 2015 .

[51]  Yun Yang,et al.  Optimal design of distributed energy resource systems coupled with energy distribution networks , 2015 .

[52]  Judith Gurney BP Statistical Review of World Energy , 1985 .

[53]  Jiacong Cao,et al.  Evaluation of retrofitting gas-fired cooling and heating systems into BCHP using design optimization , 2009 .

[54]  Siaw Kiang Chou,et al.  A thermoeconomic analysis of biomass energy for trigeneration , 2010 .

[55]  Yang Shi,et al.  Combined cooling, heating and power systems: A survey , 2014 .

[56]  Zaijun Wu,et al.  Modeling, planning and optimal energy management of combined cooling, heating and power microgrid: A review , 2014 .

[57]  Jiangjiang Wang,et al.  A fuzzy multi-criteria decision-making model for CCHP systems driven by different energy sources. , 2012 .

[58]  Chao Fu,et al.  Design optimization and analysis of a biomass gasification based BCHP system: A case study in Harbin, China , 2014 .

[59]  Sheng Li,et al.  Exergy cost analysis of a micro-trigeneration system based on the structural theory of thermoeconomics , 2008 .

[60]  Yang Shi,et al.  Optimal power flow and PGU capacity of CCHP systems using a matrix modeling approach , 2013 .

[61]  Lin Gao,et al.  System study of combined cooling, heating and power system for eco‐industrial parks , 2008 .

[62]  C. Y. Zheng,et al.  Simulation and evaluation of a CCHP system with exhaust gas deep-recovery and thermoelectric generator , 2014 .

[63]  Jiuping Xu,et al.  Impact of differentiated local subsidy policies on the development of distributed energy system , 2015 .

[64]  Li Sheng Optimal operation analysis of combined cooling heating and power(CCHP) system , 2010 .

[65]  Cao Xiao-lin Study situation of distributed energy system , 2007 .

[66]  C. Y. Zheng,et al.  A novel operation strategy for CCHP systems based on minimum distance , 2014 .

[67]  Hongbo Ren,et al.  A MILP model for integrated plan and evaluation of distributed energy systems , 2010 .

[68]  Qiong Wu,et al.  Feasibility assessment of introducing distributed energy resources in urban areas of China , 2010 .

[69]  Sui Jun A New Evaluation Criterion of Distributed Energy Systems for CCHP——The Energy Cascade Utilization Efficiency , 2010 .

[70]  Xu Lin-de Optimization analysis of design of distributed energy system , 2007 .

[71]  Junzhen Wu,et al.  Experimental and simulative investigation of a micro-CCHP (micro combined cooling, heating and power) system with thermal management controller , 2014 .

[72]  Fang Fang,et al.  Complementary configuration and operation of a CCHP-ORC system , 2012 .

[73]  Jiangjiang Wang,et al.  Reliability and availability analysis of redundant BCHP (building cooling, heating and power) system , 2013 .

[74]  Yi Jiang,et al.  Energy utilization evaluation of CCHP systems , 2006 .

[75]  Hongwei Li,et al.  Thermal-economic optimization of a distributed multi-generation energy system¿A case study of Beijing , 2006 .

[76]  Kan Weimin Application of Monte Carlo Method in Uncertainty Evaluation for Cogeneration Systems , 2013 .

[77]  Jiangjiang Wang,et al.  A fuzzy multi-criteria decision-making model for trigeneration system , 2008 .

[78]  Zhiqiang Zhai,et al.  Performance comparison of combined cooling heating and power system in different operation modes , 2011 .

[79]  Tarik Al-Shemmeri,et al.  An experimental investigation of a household size trigeneration , 2007 .

[80]  Hongbo Ren,et al.  Promotion of energy conservation in developing countries through the combination of ESCO and CDM: A case study of introducing distributed energy resources into Chinese urban areas , 2011 .

[81]  Ahmet Palazoglu,et al.  Operational optimization and demand response of hybrid renewable energy systems , 2015 .

[82]  Zheng Li,et al.  An engineering approach to the optimal design of distributed energy systems in China , 2013 .

[83]  Huang Xing-hua,et al.  Influence of energy demands ratio on the optimal facility scheme and feasibility of BCHP system , 2008 .

[84]  Hui Li,et al.  Laboratory research on combined cooling, heating and power (CCHP) systems , 2009 .

[85]  David Kleinhans,et al.  Integration of Renewable Energy Sources in future power systems: The role of storage , 2014, 1405.2857.

[86]  Ruzhu Wang,et al.  Evaluation and analysis of novel micro-scale combined cooling, heating and power (MCCHP) system , 2007 .

[87]  Ruzhu Wang,et al.  Experimental investigation of a micro-combined cooling, heating and power system driven by a gas engine. , 2005 .

[88]  Guo Li,et al.  A two-stage optimal planning and design method for combined cooling, heat and power microgrid system , 2013 .

[89]  Weiyi Li,et al.  Optimization and Analysis of Distributed Energy System with Energy Storage Device , 2011 .

[90]  Angel A. Bayod-Rújula,et al.  Future development of the electricity systems with distributed generation , 2009 .