Efficient in vitro production of non-chimeric tetraploid in kale ( Brassica oleracea L . var . acephala ) and its evaluation as a functional crop

1 Graduate School of Horticulture, Chiba University,648 Matsudo, Matsudo, Chiba 271-8510, Japan Tel.: +81-47-308-8852; Fax: +81-47-308-8852 2 Nagano Vegetable and Ornamental Crops Experiment Station,1066-1 Tokoo, Souga, Shiojiri City, Nagano 399-6461, Japan Accepted 05 June, 2015 Kale (B. oleraceavar. acephala) is a kind of vegetables with high content of glucosinolates (GSL) such as glucoraphanin (GRA), which are known to be functional ingredients. In this study, efficient method of tetraploid production in kale was established by treating seeds, in vitrogerminated5 day-old seedlings and in vitro-propagated plantlets having 3 or 4 leaves, with either colchicine or amiprophos-methyl (APM), followed by in vitro culture. The highest frequency of tetraploid plant production (24.0%) was obtained when the seeds were treated with APM at 9 mg l -1 for 24 hours. Moreover, non-chimeric tetraploid can be efficiently selected by measuring fresh weight 7 days after the treatment. These tetraploid plants had g bigger sizes of leaf, flower and pollen and more number of leaves than diploid, but showed comparable content of GRA to diploid.

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