A numerical method for calculating temperature distributions in metal working processes

Abstract A numerical (finite element) method for calculating temperatures in metal working which largely overcomes the limitations of previous methods is described. Its application is demonstrated using an experimentally obtained flow field (streamlines) for plane strain extrusion to determine the values of strain, strain-rate and velocity needed in the temperature calculations. Account is taken of the dependence of the work material's flow stress on temperature (and strain and strain-rate) and although, to reduce computing time, the thermal properties are assumed constant it should be possible to also allow these to be dependent on temperature.