Air Source Heat Pump Performance in Open, Semi-closed, and Closed Greenhouse Systems in Quebec and Labrador

The specific objective of this study was to investigate regional spatiotemporal distributions and spatial correlations of energy and water consumption in open, semi-closed, and completely closed greenhouse systems in Quebec and Labrador. The findings showed that the energy and water consumptions were both spatially and system dependent. Latitude, and depending on the system longitude as well, significantly predicted total energy consumptions. Semi-closed and open heat pump systems were the most energy conserving systems while closed system was the most water conserving. Semi-closed and closed systems at lower latitudes had more water consumptions compared to those at higher latitudes. Water consumptions in open systems at higher latitudes approached to or were sometimes higher than those at lower latitudes as the vapor pressure deficit became larger due to cooler outside air. Southern Quebec had the lowest energy consumptions in all systems.