Integrated Design of Energy Efficient Cities

Abstract In this chapter, technologies and operation strategies suitable for designing and operating sustainable and low-energy urban centers are outlined. First, an overview of the main factors affecting the energy use in urban centers is provided with some statistics obtained for select cities worldwide. Then, a series of strategies to improve the sustainability of cities is presented with specific examples and case studies. In particular, the importance of improving the efficiency of transport modes in urban centers is highlighted. Moreover, components and benefits of district energy systems to efficiently serve the heating and cooling needs of urban centers are discussed in detail. Similarly, mitigation options to reduce heat island effects are presented with specific emphasis on dynamic cool roofs. In addition, challenges to design and retrofit cities to be smart and connected with smart grids are described.