Design-Oriented Computational Fluid Dynamics-Based Unsteady Aerodynamics for Flight-Vehicle Aeroelastic Shape Optimization

A design-oriented computational fluid dynamics-based unsteady aerodynamic capability has been developed for the generation of shape sensitivities and approximations of aeroelastic constraints for integration into general flight-vehicle multidisciplinary-design-optimization systems. Complex-variable differentiation was used to convert an Euler unsteady solver with boundary-layer coupling into a design-oriented capability. The resulting shape-sensitivity results have been validated using finite difference method sensitivities on selected lifting surfaces: the AGARD wing, the Cohen wing, and the F-5 wing. Because the complex-variable-differentiation technique is numerically exact, the accuracy of the sensitivity computed by the new capability is step-size independent, whereas that of finite difference methods is highly step-size dependent. The resulting capability is computationally efficient. It covers all flight Mach numbers, including the transonic regime. It is accurate and robust, and interfaces seamles...

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