ASSESSING SUBMARINING AND ABDOMINAL INJURY RISK IN THE HYBRID III FAMILY OF DUMMIES. IN: SEAT BELTS: THE DEVELOPMENT OF AN ESSENTIAL SAFETY FEATURE

The development of an abdominal injury assessment device for belt loading due to submarining is detailed in this paper. The design concept was based on research assessing the effectiveness of safety belts with the Hybrid III dummies. The following conclusions were reached: The abdomen developed has biofidelity in its force-deflection characteristics for belt loading, and can be used to determine the probability of abdominal injury when submarining occurs; installing the abdomen in the Hybrid III dummy does not change the dummy kinematics when submarining does occur; when submarining does occur, the dummy kinematics are very similar to baseline Hybrid III kinematics, except for torso angle.

[1]  C L Witte,et al.  Mesentery and Bowel Injury from Automotive Seat Belts , 1968, Annals of surgery.

[2]  Dieter Adomeit,et al.  EVALUATION METHODS FOR THE BIOMECHANICAL QUALITY OF RESTRAINT SYSTEMS DURING FRONTAL IMPACT. IN: SEAT BELTS: THE DEVELOPMENT OF AN ESSENTIAL SAFETY FEATURE , 1977 .

[3]  D. Viano,et al.  The Viscous Criterion - Bases and Applications of an Injury Severity Index for Soft Tissues , 1986 .

[4]  W M COCKE,et al.  Splenic rupture due to improper placement of automobile safety belt. , 1963, JAMA.

[5]  Stephen W. Rouhana.  Abdominal Injury Prediction in Lateral Impact - An Analysis of the Biofidelity of the Euro-SID Abdomen , 1987 .

[6]  David C. Viano,et al.  The effect of limiting impact force on abdominal injury: a preliminary study , 1986 .

[7]  Y Derrien,et al.  Factors influencing the estimation of submarining on the dummy , 1981 .

[8]  R. Denis,et al.  Changing trends with abdominal injury in seatbelt wearers. , 1983, The Journal of trauma.

[9]  J Fish,et al.  The seat belt syndrome--does it exist? , 1965, The Journal of trauma.

[10]  E Arajärvi,et al.  Abdominal injuries sustained in severe traffic accidents by seatbelt wearers. , 1987, The Journal of trauma.

[11]  J R Dehner,et al.  Seatbelt injuries of the spine and abdomen. , 1971, The American journal of roentgenology, radium therapy, and nuclear medicine.

[12]  D Adomeit,et al.  MOTION SEQUENCE CRITERIA AND DESIGN PROPOSALS FOR RESTRAINT DEVICES IN ORDER TO AVOID UNFAVORABLE BIOMECHANIC CONDITIONS AND SUBMARINING. IN: SEAT BELTS: THE DEVELOPMENT OF AN ESSENTIAL SAFETY FEATURE , 1975 .

[13]  J A Newman,et al.  ABDOMINAL INJURIES TO RESTRAINED FRONT SEAT OCCUPANTS IN FRONTAL COLLISIONS (DISCUSSION) , 1982 .

[14]  S A Ridella,et al.  Influence of velocity and forced compression on the severity of abdominal injury in blunt, nonpenetrating lateral impact. , 1985, The Journal of trauma.

[15]  L. M. Patrick,et al.  System versus Laboratory Impact Tests for Estimating Injury Hazard , 1968 .

[16]  J. W. Garrett,et al.  The seat belt syndrome. , 1962, The Journal of trauma.

[17]  L Evans.  Rear seat restraint system effectiveness in preventing fatalities. , 1988, Accident; analysis and prevention.

[18]  D C Viano,et al.  Limits and challenges of crash protection. , 1988, Accident; analysis and prevention.

[19]  W J Sacco,et al.  Progress toward a new injury severity characterization: severity profiles. , 1988, Computers in biology and medicine.

[20]  Jean-Pierre Verriest,et al.  CINEPHOTOGRAMMETRICAL STUDY OF PORCINE THORACIC RESPONSE TO BELT APPLIED LOAD IN FRONTAL IMPACT--COMPARISON BETWEEN LIVING AND DEAD SUBJECTS , 1981 .

[21]  L Evans,et al.  Double pair comparison--a new method to determine how occupant characteristics affect fatality risk in traffic crashes. , 1986, Accident; analysis and prevention.

[22]  Dainius J. Dalmotas,et al.  Mechanisms of Injury to Vehicle Occupants Restrained by Three-Point Seat Belts , 1980 .

[23]  M. Miller,et al.  The biomechanical response of the lower abdomen to belt restraint loading. , 1989, The Journal of trauma.

[24]  P. Ryan,et al.  Abdominal injuries in survivors of road trauma before and since seat belt legislation in Victoria. , 1979, The Australian and New Zealand journal of surgery.

[25]  Harold J. Mertz,et al.  Prediction of thoracic injury from dummy responses , 1975 .

[26]  Harold J. Mertz,et al.  A procedure for normalizing impact response data , 1984 .

[27]  J. Williams,et al.  The automotive safety belt: in saving a life may produce intra-abdominal injuries. , 1966, The Journal of trauma.

[28]  E W Green,et al.  Seat belt injuries. , 1968, Archives of surgery.

[29]  D C Viano,et al.  A viscous tolerance criterion for soft tissue injury assessment. , 1988, Journal of biomechanics.

[30]  H. Langhaar.  Dimensional analysis and theory of models , 1951 .

[31]  Rolf H. Eppinger,et al.  Prediction of thoracic injury using measurable experimental parameters , 1976 .

[32]  J KULOWSKI,et al.  Intra-abdominal injury from safety belt in auto accident; report of a case. , 1956, A.M.A. archives of surgery.

[33]  Ch Tarriere.  Proposal for a protection criterion as regards abdominal internal organs , 1973 .

[34]  D C Viano,et al.  An experimental study on hepatic injury from belt-restraint loading. , 1981, Aviation, space, and environmental medicine.

[35]  A. Fayon,et al.  A Comparison Between Part 572 Dummy and Human Subject in the Problem of Submarining , 1979 .

[36]  H Ziperman,et al.  Seat belt trauma to the abdomen. , 1967, American journal of surgery.