Guide to Advanced Empirical Software Engineering

This book gathers chapters from some of the top international empirical software engineering researchers focusing on the practical knowledge necessary for conducting, reporting and using empirical methods in software engineering. Topics and features include guidance on how to design, conduct and report empirical studies. The volume also provides information across a range of techniques, methods and qualitative and quantitative issues to help build a toolkit applicable to the diverse software development contexts

[1]  Miguel Toro,et al.  Using Dynamic Modeling and Simulation to Improve the COTS Software Process , 2004, PROFES.

[2]  P. Checkland.  From framework through experience to learning: The essential nature of action research , 1991 .

[3]  Yu Chen,et al.  A software product line process simulator , 2006, Softw. Process. Improv. Pract..

[4]  G. Schwarz.  Center of Mass , 1968 .

[5]  Anneliese Amschler Andrews,et al.  Identification of Dynamic Comprehension Processes During Large Scale Maintenance , 1996, IEEE Trans. Software Eng..

[6]  Timothy C. Lethbridge,et al.  Software Engineering Data Collection for Field Studies , 2008, Guide to Advanced Empirical Software Engineering.

[7]  David Budgen,et al.  CASE tool evaluation: experiences from an empirical study , 2003, J. Syst. Softw..

[8]  Edwin George Triner.  AN EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF , 1963 .

[9]  Audris Mockus,et al.  An Empirical Study of Speed and Communication in Globally Distributed Software Development , 2003, IEEE Trans. Software Eng..

[10]  Dietmar Pfahl,et al.  A CBT module with integrated simulation component for software project management education and training , 2001, J. Syst. Softw..

[11]  Robert L. Glass,et al.  Matching methodology to problem domain , 2004, CACM.

[12]  Rudolf K. Keller,et al.  Pattern-based reverse-engineering of design components , 1999, Proceedings of the 1999 International Conference on Software Engineering (IEEE Cat. No.99CB37002).

[13]  Minder Chen,et al.  Using Group Support Systems and Joint Application Development for Requirements Specification , 1993, J. Manag. Inf. Syst..

[14]  Siri-on Setamanit,et al.  Exploring the Impact of Task Allocation Strategies for Global Software Development Using Simulation , 2006, SPW/ProSim.

[15]  D. Moher,et al.  The Revised CONSORT Statement for Reporting Randomized Trials: Explanation and Elaboration , 2001, Annals of Internal Medicine.

[16]  Floyd J. Fowler,et al.  Survey Research Methods , 1984 .

[17]  V. B. Misic.  Extreme dynamics: towards a system dynamics model of the extreme programming software development process , 2004, ICSE 2004.

[18]  Timothy Lethbridge,et al.  Priorities for the education and training of software engineers , 2000, J. Syst. Softw..

[19]  Katie M. Abrams,et al.  Online Focus Groups , 2008 .

[20]  Ulrike Becker-Kornstaedt.  Descriptive Software Process Modeling--How to Deal with Sensitive Process Information , 2004, Empirical Software Engineering.

[21]  Raymond J. Madachy,et al.  Software process simulation modeling: Why? What? How? , 1999, J. Syst. Softw..

[22]  Donald Gotterbarn,et al.  Using the new ACM code of ethics in decision making , 1993, CACM.

[23]  K. Eisenhardt.  Building theories from case study research , 1989, STUDI ORGANIZZATIVI.

[24]  Austen Rainer,et al.  A quantitative and qualitative analysis of factors affecting software processes , 2003, J. Syst. Softw..

[25]  Janice Singer,et al.  Getting to the Source of Ethical Issues , 2004, Empirical Software Engineering.

[26]  A. Strauss,et al.  The discovery of grounded theory: strategies for qualitative research aldine de gruyter , 1968 .

[27]  Dietmar Pfahl,et al.  Using simulation for assessing the real impact of test coverage on defect coverage , 1999, Proceedings 10th International Symposium on Software Reliability Engineering (Cat. No.PR00443).

[28]  Rogelio Oliva,et al.  Quality Microworlds: Modeling the Impact of Quality Initiatives over the Software Product Life Cycle , 1993 .

[29]  Tracy Hall,et al.  A Policy Investigation Model for Long-term Software Evolution Processes , 2004, ICSE 2004.

[30]  Laurie A. Williams,et al.  Strengthening the Case for Pair Programming , 2000, IEEE Softw..

[31]  H. Rubin,et al.  More Informative Abstracts of Articles Describing Clinical Practice Guidelines , 1993, Annals of Internal Medicine.

[32]  S. Barley.  The alignment of technology and structure through roles and networks. , 1990, Administrative science quarterly.

[33]  Jaclyn R. Schrier.  Reducing Stress Associated with Participating in a Usability Test , 1992 .

[34]  Dietmar Pfahl,et al.  Virtual Software Engineering Laboratories in Support of Trade-off Analyses , 2005, Software Quality Journal.

[35]  Jyrki Kontio,et al.  Software engineering risk management : a method, improvement framework, and empirical evaluation , 2001 .

[36]  H. Dieter Rombach,et al.  Research Collaborations between Academia and Industry , 2007, Future of Software Engineering (FOSE '07).

[37]  William Foote Whyte,et al.  Learning From The Field: A Guide From Experience , 1984 .

[38]  J. Moses,et al.  Bayesian probability distributions for assessing measurement of subjective software attributes , 2000, Inf. Softw. Technol..

[39]  Victoria Bellotti,et al.  Walking away from the desktop computer: distributed collaboration and mobility in a product design team , 1996, CSCW '96.

[40]  Marvin V. Zelkowitz,et al.  Protocols in the use of empirical software engineering artifacts , 2006, Empirical Software Engineering.

[41]  Keith W. Miller,et al.  Software engineering code of ethics is approved , 1999, CACM.

[42]  James Hartley,et al.  Improving the Clarity of Journal Abstracts in Psychology , 2003 .

[43]  Austin Henderson,et al.  Interaction Analysis: Foundations and Practice , 1995 .

[44]  Joan E. Sieber.  Not Your Ordinary Research , 2004, Empirical Software Engineering.

[45]  Dietmar Pfahl,et al.  Reporting guidelines for controlled experiments in software engineering , 2005, 2005 International Symposium on Empirical Software Engineering, 2005..

[46]  David R. Wright.  Research ethics and computer science: an unconsummated marriage , 2006, SIGDOC '06.

[47]  Márcio de Oliveira Barros,et al.  A Simulation-Based Game for Project Management Experiential Learning , 2004, SEKE.

[48]  Dewayne E. Perry,et al.  People, organizations, and process improvement , 1994, IEEE Software.

[49]  S. Stinson.  BODY OF KNOWLEDGE , 1995 .

[50]  Marcus Ciolkowski,et al.  Conducting on-line surveys in software engineering , 2003, 2003 International Symposium on Empirical Software Engineering, 2003. ISESE 2003. Proceedings..

[51]  Tony Honoré,et al.  The Empirical Method , 2002 .

[52]  Timothy Lethbridge,et al.  What knowledge is important to a software professional? , 2000, Computer.

[53]  Janice Singer.  Practices of software maintenance , 1998, Proceedings. International Conference on Software Maintenance (Cat. No. 98CB36272).

[54]  Karl Rohnke.  Silver Bullets , 1984 .

[55]  C. Fluehr-Lobban,et al.  Informed Consent in Anthropological Research: We Are Not Exempt1 , 1994 .

[56]  H. Beecher,et al.  Consent in clinical experimentation: myth and reality. , 1966, JAMA.

[57]  J. Gilgun,et al.  Definitions, methodologies, and methods in qualitative family research. , 1992 .

[58]  Yingping Huang,et al.  Autonomic Web-based simulation , 2005, 38th Annual Simulation Symposium.

[59]  J. Creswell.  Qualitative inquiry and research design: choosing among five traditions. , 1998 .

[60]  Raymond Madachy,et al.  Case studies in software process modeling with system dynamics , 2000 .

[61]  Detmar W. Straub,et al.  Validating Instruments in MIS Research , 1989, MIS Q..

[62]  Dietmar Pfahl,et al.  Software process simulation with system dynamics - a tool for learning and decision support , 2006 .

[63]  Nicolas Anquetil,et al.  Comparative study of clustering algorithms and abstract representations for software remodularisation , 2003 .

[64]  Walt Scacchi,et al.  A Knowledge-Based Environment for Modeling and Simulating Software Engineering Processes , 1990, IEEE Trans. Knowl. Data Eng..

[65]  Soheil Khajenoori,et al.  Collaborations: Closing the Industry-Academia Gap , 1997, IEEE Softw..

[66]  Mark A. Kramer,et al.  Qualitative Analysis of Causal Feedback , 1991, AAAI.

[67]  Khaled El-Emam.  Ethics and Open Source , 2004, Empirical Software Engineering.

[68]  Dietmar Pfahl,et al.  ProSim/RA - Software Process Simulation in Support of Risk Assessment , 2006, Value-Based Software Engineering.

[69]  Alty Ct.  Risks and benefits , 2006, Nature nanotechnology.

[70]  Sergio Bandinelli,et al.  Modeling and Improving an Industrial Software Process , 1995, IEEE Trans. Software Eng..

[71]  Dietmar Pfahl,et al.  System Dynamics Applied to the Modelling of Software Projects , 1994, Softw. Concepts Tools.

[72]  Anne Sunikka,et al.  Usability evaluation of the Helsinki School of Economics website , 2004 .

[73]  Dan D. Gutierrez.  Serial communications , 1989 .

[74]  Trevor Wood-Harper,et al.  A critical perspective on action research as a method for information systems research , 1996, J. Inf. Technol..

[75]  Antony Powell,et al.  Strategies for lifecycle concurrency and iteration - A system dynamics approach , 1999, J. Syst. Softw..

[76]  Bill Curtis,et al.  A field study of the software design process for large systems , 1988, CACM.

[77]  Victor R. Basili,et al.  The Package-Based Development Process in the Flight Dynamics Division , 1997 .

[78]  Colin Potts,et al.  Software-engineering research revisited , 1993, IEEE Software.

[79]  Shari Lawrence Pfleeger,et al.  Principles of survey research: part 1: turning lemons into lemonade , 2001, SOEN.

[80]  Wayne W. Wakeland,et al.  Using design of experiments, sensitivity analysis, and hybrid simulation to evaluate changes to a software development process: a case study , 2004, Softw. Process. Improv. Pract..

[81]  Magne Jørgensen,et al.  An empirical study of software maintenance tasks , 1995, J. Softw. Maintenance Res. Pract..

[82]  Shari Lawrence Pfleeger,et al.  Investigating the Influence of Formal Methods , 1997, Computer.

[83]  Osman Balci.  Verification, validation, and certification of modeling and simulation applications , 2003, Proceedings of the 2003 Winter Simulation Conference, 2003..

[84]  F. Javier Lerch,et al.  Using simulation‐based experiments for software requirements engineering , 1997, Ann. Softw. Eng..

[85]  DIETMAR PFAHL,et al.  Knowledge Acquisition and Process Guidance for Building System Dynamics Simulation Models: an Experience Report from Software Industry , 2000, Int. J. Softw. Eng. Knowl. Eng..

[86]  Janice Singer,et al.  Ethical Issues in Empirical Studies of Software Engineering , 2002, IEEE Trans. Software Eng..

[87]  Stefan Biffl,et al.  Systematically combining process simulation and empirical data in support of decision analysis in software development , 2002, SEKE '02.

[88]  Joan E. Sieber,et al.  Protecting Research Subjects, Employees and Researchers: Implications for Software Engineering , 2001, Empirical Software Engineering.

[89]  Françoise Détienne,et al.  Measuring cognitive activities in software engineering , 1998, Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Software Engineering.

[90]  Judson Williford,et al.  Modeling the FedEx IT division: a system dynamics approach to strategic IT planning , 1999, J. Syst. Softw..

[91]  Walt Scacchi,et al.  Modeling and simulating software acquisition process architectures , 2001, J. Syst. Softw..

[92]  Tarek K. Abdel-Hamid,et al.  Adapting, correcting, and perfecting software estimates: a maintenance metaphor , 1993, Computer.

[93]  S. Siegel,et al.  Nonparametric Statistics for the Behavioral Sciences , 2022, The SAGE Encyclopedia of Research Design.

[94]  Volker Gruhn,et al.  Software Process Validation Based on FUNSOFT Nets , 1992, EWSPT.

[95]  R McINTOSH,et al.  Weight of evidence. , 1954, A.M.A. American journal of diseases of children.

[96]  Shari Lawrence Pfleeger,et al.  Understanding and improving technology transfer in software engineering , 1999, J. Syst. Softw..

[97]  Anette C. Lien,et al.  A survey on software estimation in the Norwegian industry , 2004 .

[98]  Ronald E. Anderson.  ACM code of ethics and professional conduct , 1992, CACM.

[99]  Dieter Rombach,et al.  Creating an Advanced Software Engineering Laboratory by Combining Empirical Studies with Process Simulation , 2003 .

[100]  Tore Dybå,et al.  Evidence-based software engineering , 2004, Proceedings. 26th International Conference on Software Engineering.

[101]  Helen Sharp,et al.  An Ethnographic Study of XP Practice , 2004, Empirical Software Engineering.

[102]  Steven J. Taylor.  Introduction to qualitative research methods , 1975 .

[103]  T. Jick.  Mixing Qualitative and Quantitative Methods: Triangulation in Action. , 1979 .

[104]  Laura Lehtola,et al.  The Focus Group Method as an Empirical Tool in Software Engineering , 2008, Guide to Advanced Empirical Software Engineering.

[105]  Paul E. Spector.  Summated Rating Scale Construction: An Introduction , 1992 .

[106]  Sira Vegas,et al.  A Process for Identifying Relevant Information for a Repository: A Case Study for Testing Techniques , 2003 .

[107]  B. McCabe.  Monte Carlo simulation for schedule risks , 2003, Proceedings of the 2003 Winter Simulation Conference, 2003..

[108]  Lionel C. Briand,et al.  Using simulation to empirically investigate test coverage criteria based on statechart , 2004, Proceedings. 26th International Conference on Software Engineering.

[109]  T. Birkholzer.  Interactive simulation of software producing organization's operations based on concepts of CMMI and balanced scorecards , 2004, ICSE 2004.

[110]  A. V. D. Ven,et al.  Group Techniques for Program Planning , 1975 .

[111]  Carolyn B. Seaman,et al.  Qualitative Methods in Empirical Studies of Software Engineering , 1999, IEEE Trans. Software Eng..

[112]  Reidar Conradi,et al.  Lessons Learned and Recommendations from Two Large Norwegian SPI Programmes , 2003, EWSPT.

[113]  Herbert C. Kelman,et al.  The rights of the subject in social research: An analysis in terms of relative power and legitimacy. , 1972 .

[114]  Juan Fernández-Ramil,et al.  A study of open source software evolution data using qualitative simulation , 2005, Softw. Process. Improv. Pract..

[115]  Susan Elliott Sim,et al.  The ramp-up problem in software projects: a case study of how software immigrants naturalize , 1998, Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Software Engineering.

[116]  Frank Padberg,et al.  A study on optimal scheduling for software projects , 2006, Softw. Process. Improv. Pract..

[117]  Timothy C. Lethbridge,et al.  Recovering software architecture from the names of source files , 1999 .

[118]  Daniela E. Damian,et al.  Awareness in the Wild: Why Communication Breakdowns Occur , 2007, International Conference on Global Software Engineering (ICGSE 2007).

[119]  M. Chi.  Quantifying Qualitative Analyses of Verbal Data: A Practical Guide , 1997 .

[120]  Heiko Koziolek.  Goal, Question, Metric , 2005, Dependability Metrics.

[121]  K. A. Ericsson,et al.  Protocol Analysis: Verbal Reports as Data , 1984 .

[122]  Francisco. Herrera,et al.  A Usability Study of the "Tksee" Software Exploration Tool , 1999 .

[123]  Forrest Shull,et al.  Investigating Reading Techniques for Object-Oriented Framework Learning , 2000, IEEE Trans. Software Eng..

[124]  C. Fernstrom,et al.  Process Weaver: adding process support to UNIX , 1993, [1993] Proceedings of the Second International Conference on the Software Process-Continuous Software Process Improvement.

[125]  Y. Barlas.  Multiple tests for validation of system dynamics type of simulation models , 1989 .

[126]  Tuure Tuunanen,et al.  A Repeatable Collaboration Process for Developing a Road Map for Mobile Marketing , 2005 .

[127]  J. Sieber.  Planning ethically responsible research : a guide for students and internal review boards , 1992 .

[128]  Victor R. Basili,et al.  Communication and Organization: An Empirical Study of Discussion in Inspection Meetings , 1998, IEEE Trans. Software Eng..

[129]  Timothy Lethbridge,et al.  A survey of the relevance of computer science and software engineering education , 1998, Proceedings 11th Conference on Software Engineering Education.

[130]  H. Beecher,et al.  Ethics and clinical research. , 1966, The New England journal of medicine.

[131]  M. I. Kellner,et al.  Software process modeling: a case study , 1989, [1989] Proceedings of the Twenty-Second Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences. Volume II: Software Track.

[132]  David Raffo,et al.  Using software process simulation to assess the impact of IV&V activities , 2004, ICSE 2004.

[133]  Tore Dybå,et al.  An Instrument for Measuring the Key Factors of Success in Software Process Improvement , 2000, Empirical Software Engineering.

[134]  Jochen Ludewig,et al.  Quantitative modeling for the interactive simulation of software projects , 1999, J. Syst. Softw..

[135]  André van der Hoek,et al.  SIMSE: An Interactive Simulation Game for Software Engineering Education , 2004, CATE.

[136]  Tore Dybå,et al.  A systematic review of effect size in software engineering experiments , 2007, Inf. Softw. Technol..

[137]  Wanda J. Orlikowski,et al.  Studying Information Technology in Organizations: Research Approaches and Assumptions , 1991, Inf. Syst. Res..

[138]  P. McNeill,et al.  The Ethics and Politics of Human Experimentation , 1993 .

[139]  James Hartley,et al.  Current findings from research on structured abstracts. , 2004, Journal of the Medical Library Association : JMLA.

[140]  Terri Gullickson,et al.  On Being a Scientist: Responsible Conduct in Research (2nd ed). , 1996 .

[141]  Stephanie D. Teasley,et al.  Rapid Software Development through Team Collocation , 2002, IEEE Trans. Software Eng..

[142]  Austen Rainer,et al.  Persuading developers to "buy into" software process improvement: a local opinion and empirical evidence , 2003, 2003 International Symposium on Empirical Software Engineering, 2003. ISESE 2003. Proceedings..

[143]  Michael W. Godfrey,et al.  An Industrial Case Study of Program Artifacts Viewed During Maintenance Tasks , 2006, 2006 13th Working Conference on Reverse Engineering.

[144]  O. Holsti.  Content Analysis for the Social Sciences and Humanities , 1969 .

[145]  Timothy Lethbridge,et al.  A little knowledge can go a long way towards program understanding , 1997, Proceedings Fifth International Workshop on Program Comprehension. IWPC'97.

[146]  Laura Lehtola,et al.  Using the focus group method in software engineering: obtaining practitioner and user experiences , 2004, Proceedings. 2004 International Symposium on Empirical Software Engineering, 2004. ISESE '04..

[147]  Alan R. Hevner,et al.  Reviewing software diagrams: a cognitive study , 2004, IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering.

[148]  Marvin V. Zelkowitz,et al.  Experimental Validation of New Software Technology , 2003, Lecture Notes on Empirical Software Engineering.

[149]  Timothy Lethbridge,et al.  Intelligent Search Methods for Software Maintenance , 2002, Inf. Syst. Frontiers.

[150]  Janice Redish,et al.  User and task analysis for interface design , 1998 .

[151]  Joyce J. Elam,et al.  Inside a software design team: knowledge acquisition, sharing, and integration , 1993, CACM.

[152]  Rupert G. Miller,et al.  Survival Analysis , 2022, The SAGE Encyclopedia of Research Design.

[153]  David S. Rosenblum,et al.  A study in software process data capture and analysis , 1993, [1993] Proceedings of the Second International Conference on the Software Process-Continuous Software Process Improvement.

[154]  Yehuda Baruch,et al.  Response Rate in Academic Studies — A Comparative Analysis , 1999 .

[155]  Gregory R. Madey,et al.  AGENT-BASED MODELING OF OPEN SOURCEUSING SWARM , 2002 .

[156]  Anneliese Amschler Andrews,et al.  Program Understanding: Models and Experiments , 1995, Adv. Comput..

[157]  Thomas Greenbaum.  The Role of the Moderator , 2000 .

[158]  Janice Singer,et al.  Studying Software Engineers: Data Collection Techniques for Software Field Studies , 2005, Empirical Software Engineering.

[159]  David Raffo,et al.  Software process simulation to achieve higher CMM levels , 1999, J. Syst. Softw..

[160]  Anneliese Amschler Andrews,et al.  From program comprehension to tool requirements for an industrial environment , 1993, [1993] IEEE Second Workshop on Program Comprehension.

[161]  T. C. Nicholas Graham,et al.  A study of collaboration in software design , 2003, 2003 International Symposium on Empirical Software Engineering, 2003. ISESE 2003. Proceedings..

[162]  Amela Karahasanovic,et al.  A survey of controlled experiments in software engineering , 2005, IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering.

[163]  Watts S. Humphrey,et al.  Software process modeling: principles of entity process models , 1989, ICSE '89.

[164]  Tobias Häberlein,et al.  Process-Oriented Interactive Simulation of Software Acquisition Projects , 2002, EurAsia-ICT.

[165]  R. Bogdan.  Qualitative research for education : an introduction to theory and methods / by Robert C. Bogdan and Sari Knopp Biklen , 1997 .

[166]  Lucy M. Berlin,et al.  Beyond Program Understanding: A Look at Programming Expertise in Industry , 2001 .

[167]  Wanda J. Orlikowski,et al.  CASE Tools as Organizational Change: Investigating Incremental and Radical Changes in Systems Development , 1993, MIS Q..

[168]  Nancy R. Mead,et al.  Industry/university collaborations: different perspectives heighten mutual opportunities , 1999, J. Syst. Softw..

[169]  John J. Marciniak,et al.  Encyclopedia of Software Engineering , 1994, Encyclopedia of Software Engineering.

[170]  Philip H. Mirvis,et al.  Creating Ethical Relationships in Organizational Research , 1982 .

[171]  Timothy C. Lethbridge,et al.  Dedicated , 2020, Lignocellulosic Biomass to Liquid Biofuels.

[172]  R. Yin.  Case Study Research: Design and Methods , 1984 .

[173]  James S. Collofello,et al.  System dynamics modeling applied to software outsourcing decision support , 2000 .

[174]  Benjamin J. Kaipers,et al.  Qualitative Simulation , 1989, Artif. Intell..

[175]  Tracy Hall,et al.  De-motivators for software process improvement: an analysis of practitioners' views , 2003, J. Syst. Softw..

[176]  Martin Höst,et al.  Exploring bottlenecks in market-driven requirements management processes with discrete event simulation , 2001, J. Syst. Softw..

[177]  John M. Gottman,et al.  The Analysis of Change , 1995 .

[178]  Deborah Ruth Richardson,et al.  Amelioration of deception and harm in psychological research: The important role of debriefing , 1983 .

[179]  Ioana Rus,et al.  Software process simulation for reliability management , 1999, J. Syst. Softw..

[180]  Marjo Kauppinen,et al.  Requirements Prioritization Challenges in Practice , 2004, PROFES.

[181]  Paul Rodrigues,et al.  A System Dynamics Simulation Model to Find the Effects of XP on Cost of Change Curve , 2003, XP.

[182]  Gerald T. Mackulak,et al.  Stochastic simulation of risk factor potential effects for software development risk management , 2001, J. Syst. Softw..

[183]  T. Beauchamp,et al.  A History and Theory of Informed Consent , 1986, American Political Science Review.

[184]  L. Cronbach.  Coefficient alpha and the internal structure of tests , 1951 .

[185]  M. Miles.  Qualitative Data as an Attractive Nuisance: The Problem of Analysis , 1979 .

[186]  Thomas Hanne,et al.  Simulation-Based Risk Reduction for Planning Inspections , 2002, PROFES.

[187]  Andrew Walenstein,et al.  Observing and measuring cognitive support: steps toward systematic tool evaluation and engineering , 2003, 11th IEEE International Workshop on Program Comprehension, 2003..

[188]  Torgeir Dingsøyr,et al.  Postmortem: Never Leave a Project without It , 2002, IEEE Softw..

[189]  David Raffo,et al.  Application of a hybrid process simulation model to a software development project , 2001, J. Syst. Softw..

[190]  J. Herbsleb,et al.  Two case studies of open source software development: Apache and Mozilla , 2002, TSEM.

[191]  Raymond J. Madachy.  System dynamics modeling of an inspection-based process , 1996, Proceedings of IEEE 18th International Conference on Software Engineering.

[192]  Joseph S. Sherif,et al.  Software-Engineering Process Simulation model (SEPS) , 1997, J. Syst. Softw..

[193]  Ben Shneiderman,et al.  Designing the User Interface: Strategies for Effective Human-Computer Interaction , 1998 .