BeeCup: A bio-inspired energy-efficient clustering protocol for mobile learning

Abstract Mobile devices have become a popular tool for ubiquitous learning in recent years. Multiple mobile users can be connected via ad hoc networks for the purpose of learning. In this context, due to limited battery capacity, energy efficiency of mobile devices becomes a very important factor that remarkably affects the user experience of mobile learning. Based on the artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm, we propose a new clustering protocol, namely BeeCup, to save the energy of mobile devices while guaranteeing the quality of learning. The BeeCup protocol takes advantage of biologically-inspired computation, with focus on improving the energy efficiency of mobile devices. It first estimates the number of cluster heads (CHs) adaptively according to the network scale, and then selects the CHs by employing the ABC algorithm. In case some CHs consume energy excessively, clusters will be dynamically updated to keep energy consumption balanced within the whole network. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed protocol.

[1]  Nikil D. Dutt,et al.  Quality Adapted Backlight Scaling (QABS) for Video Streaming to Mobile Handheld Devices , 2005, ICN.

[2]  Rajesh K. Gupta,et al.  CoolSpots: reducing the power consumption of wireless mobile devices with multiple radio interfaces , 2006, MobiSys '06.

[3]  Lin Zhong,et al.  Power modeling of graphical user interfaces on OLED displays , 2009, 2009 46th ACM/IEEE Design Automation Conference.

[4]  Samuel Pierre,et al.  On the Planning of Wireless Sensor Networks: Energy-Efficient Clustering under the Joint Routing and Coverage Constraint , 2009, IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing.

[5]  Feng Xia,et al.  An energy-efficient and load-balanced dynamic clustering protocol for ad-hoc sensor networks , 2012, 2012 IEEE International Conference on Cyber Technology in Automation, Control, and Intelligent Systems (CYBER).

[6]  Kyu Ho Park,et al.  A Cooperative Clustering Protocol for Energy Saving of Mobile Devices with WLAN and Bluetooth Interfaces , 2011, IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing.

[7]  I. Couzin,et al.  Effective leadership and decision-making in animal groups on the move , 2005, Nature.

[8]  Ganesh K. Venayagamoorthy,et al.  Particle Swarm Optimization in Wireless-Sensor Networks: A Brief Survey , 2011, IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part C (Applications and Reviews).

[9]  Cristina Hava Muntean,et al.  Personalisation of the multimedia content delivered to mobile device users , 2009, 2009 IEEE International Symposium on Broadband Multimedia Systems and Broadcasting.

[10]  Yi Shang,et al.  A biologically-inspired clustering protocol for wireless sensor networks , 2007, Comput. Commun..

[11]  Juan-Luis Gorricho,et al.  Activity Recognition from Accelerometer Data on a Mobile Phone , 2009, IWANN.

[12]  Azer Bestavros,et al.  SEP: A Stable Election Protocol for clustered heterogeneous wireless sensor networks , 2004 .

[13]  Samuel P. Midkiff,et al.  What is keeping my phone awake?: characterizing and detecting no-sleep energy bugs in smartphone apps , 2012, MobiSys '12.

[14]  Wendi Heinzelman,et al.  Energy-efficient communication protocol for wireless microsensor networks , 2000, Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences.

[15]  Zhang Jian,et al.  Cluster based routing in Bluetooth ad-hoc network , 2005, Proceedings. 2005 International Conference on Wireless Communications, Networking and Mobile Computing, 2005..

[16]  Dervis Karaboga,et al.  Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) Optimization Algorithm for Solving Constrained Optimization Problems , 2007, IFSA.

[17]  Wee-Seng Soh,et al.  A Comprehensive Study of Bluetooth Signal Parameters for Localization , 2007, 2007 IEEE 18th International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications.

[18]  Amy L. Murphy,et al.  Optimal Cluster Sizes for Wireless Sensor Networks: An Experimental Analysis , 2009, ADHOCNETS.

[19]  Dervis Karaboga,et al.  A powerful and efficient algorithm for numerical function optimization: artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm , 2007, J. Glob. Optim..

[20]  Samuel Pierre,et al.  A Tabu Search Algorithm for Cluster Building in Wireless Sensor Networks , 2009, IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing.

[21]  Rajesh Gupta,et al.  SwitchR: Reducing system power consumption in a multi-client, multi-radio environment , 2008, 2008 12th IEEE International Symposium on Wearable Computers.

[22]  Lakshminarayanan Subramanian,et al.  WiLDNet: Design and Implementation of High Performance WiFi Based Long Distance Networks , 2007, NSDI.

[23]  David A. Maltz,et al.  A performance comparison of multi-hop wireless ad hoc network routing protocols , 1998, MobiCom '98.

[24]  Gabriel-Miro Muntean,et al.  Dynamic stream control for energy efficient video streaming , 2011, 2011 IEEE International Symposium on Broadband Multimedia Systems and Broadcasting (BMSB).

[25]  Hun Choi,et al.  The Understanding of Building Trust Model on Smartphone Application: Focusing on Users' Motivation , 2011, ICITCS.

[26]  Gao Kun,et al.  Technical analysis of mobile learning application in high education , 2011, 2011 6th International Conference on Computer Science & Education (ICCSE).

[27]  Hassan Artail,et al.  A Dynamic Energy Efficient Clustering Algorithm for MANETs , 2008, 2008 IEEE International Conference on Wireless and Mobile Computing, Networking and Communications.

[28]  Jamshid Shanbehzadeh,et al.  An Intelligent Energy Efficient Clustering in Wireless Sensor Networks , 2011 .

[29]  Monique Becker,et al.  Single-node cluster reduction in WSN and energy-efficiency during cluster formation , 2010, 2010 The 9th IFIP Annual Mediterranean Ad Hoc Networking Workshop (Med-Hoc-Net).

[30]  Norbert Gyorbíró,et al.  An Activity Recognition System For Mobile Phones , 2009, Mob. Networks Appl..

[31]  Chris North,et al.  GreenVis: Energy-Saving Color Schemes for Sequential Data Visualization on OLED Displays , 2012 .

[32]  R. Menzel,et al.  The flight paths of honeybees recruited by the waggle dance , 2005, Nature.

[33]  Selcuk Okdem,et al.  Cluster based wireless sensor network routing using artificial bee colony algorithm , 2010, Wireless Networks.

[34]  Liang Zhou,et al.  Enhancing e-learning experience with online social networks , 2011, IET Commun..