Family and Enterprise

A review of the different approaches that have been utilised to examine the link between family and enterprise is provided in this chapter. Definitional issues are addressed, as are rationalist and ‘systems’ ways of evaluating the relationship between family and enterprise. Criticism is made of the effects of rationalist thinking on studies of family businesses which has tended to create duality and polarity in our understanding of the family-enterprise relationship. A developmental and integrated view of family and enterprise is argued to be more useful for understanding the specific transactions linking the institutions of ‘economy’ and ‘family’. A range of approaches and theories that are being used to examine the integration of family and enterprise/business activities are outlined. The chapter concludes with a discussion of interpretive inquiry and its potential benefits or uses in explaining how family and enterprise issues ‘come together’ in small business creation and development.

[1]  G. S. Hansen,et al.  Network evolution, entrepreneurial success, and regional development , 1991 .

[2]  James J. Chrisman,et al.  CURRENT TRENDS AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS IN FAMILY BUSINESS MANAGEMENT STUDIES: TOWARD A THEORY OF THE FAMILY FIRM , 2003 .

[3]  Copreneurs: An Exploration and Comparison to Other Family Businesses , 2002 .

[4]  James J. Chrisman,et al.  An introduction to theories of family business , 2003 .

[5]  Monder Ram,et al.  Managing to Survive: Working Lives in Small Firms , 1994 .

[6]  Murray L Weidenbaum,et al.  The Chinese Family Business Enterprise , 1996 .

[7]  Sarah Whatmore,et al.  Farming Women: Gender, Work and Family Enterprise , 1991 .

[8]  Reginald A. Litz,et al.  A unified systems perspective of family firm performance: an extension and integration , 2003 .

[9]  T. Habbershon,et al.  A Resource-Based Framework for Assessing the Strategic Advantages of Family Firms , 1999 .

[10]  Bengt Johannisson,et al.  Beyond Process and Structure: Social Exchange Networks , 1987 .

[11]  Jeremy Boissevain,et al.  Friends of friends : networks, manipulators and coalitions , 1974 .

[12]  E. Kepner.  The Family and the Firm: A Coevolutionary Perspective , 1983 .

[13]  Susan Baines,et al.  Working for Each Other: Gender, the Household and Micro-business Survival and Growth , 1998 .

[14]  John A. Davis,et al.  Generation to Generation: Life Cycles of the Family Business , 1997 .

[15]  E. Oughton,et al.  The Household as a Focus for Research , 1996 .

[16]  Howard E. Aldrich,et al.  Entrepreneurship Through Social Networks , 1986 .

[17]  M. Lubatkin,et al.  Toward a theory of agency and altruism in family firms , 2003 .

[18]  K. Gergen.  An invitation to social construction , 1999 .

[19]  S. Birley.  The Role of Networks in the Entrepreneurial Process , 1985 .

[20]  W. Dyer,et al.  Entrepreneurship and Family Business: Exploring the Connections , 1994 .

[21]  P. Davis,et al.  Realizing the potential of the family business , 1983 .

[22]  M. McCollom.  Integration in the Family Firm: When the Family System Replaces Controls and Culture , 1988 .

[23]  Monder Ram.  Unravelling Social Networks in Ethnic Minority Firms , 1994 .

[24]  Marshall W. Meyer,et al.  Managers and Workers: Origins of the New Factory System in the United States, 1880-1920. , 1975 .

[25]  Desiderio J. García-Almeida,et al.  The Succession Process from a Resource- and Knowledge-Based View of the Family Firm , 2001 .

[26]  W. Dyer,et al.  Integrating Professional Management into a Family Owned Business , 1989 .

[27]  John L. Ward,et al.  Keeping The Family Business Healthy , 1986 .

[28]  Diane A. Riordan,et al.  Field Theory: An Alternative to Systems Theories in Understanding the Small Family Business , 1993 .

[29]  P. Davis,et al.  Adaptation, Survival, and Growth of the Family Business: An Integrated Systems Perspective , 1981 .

[30]  Phyllis G. Holland,et al.  Balancing the "Family" and the "Business" in family business , 1984 .

[31]  C. Seow,et al.  Family Business , 2020, Political Godmother.

[32]  Andrea L. Larson.  Network Dyads in Entrepreneurial Settings: A Study of the Governance of Exchange Relationships , 1992 .

[33]  Richard Beckhard,et al.  Managing continuity in the family-owned business , 1983 .

[34]  T. Beehr,et al.  Working in small family businesses: empirical comparisons to non‐family businesses , 1997 .

[35]  C. Fombrun,et al.  Social Network Analysis For Organizations , 1979 .

[36]  S. Baines,et al.  Dependency or Self-Reliance? The Contradictory Case of Work in UK Small Business Families , 1998 .

[37]  Susan Baines,et al.  Reinventing Traditional Solutions: Job Creation, Gender and the Micro-Business Household , 1998 .

[38]  R. K. Heck,et al.  Evolving research in entrepreneurship and family business: recognizing family as the oxygen that feeds the fire of entrepreneurship , 2003 .

[39]  R. Rapoport.  Dual-career families re-examined: New integrations of work & family , 1971 .

[40]  Monder Ram.  The Dynamics of Workplace Relations in Small Firms , 1991 .

[41]  W. Stafford.  Ferdinand Tonnies on gender, women and the family , 1995 .

[42]  Bernard Yeung,et al.  Agency Problems in Large Family Business Groups , 2003 .

[43]  P. Westhead.  Ambitions, external environment and strategic factor differences between family and non--family companies , 1997 .

[44]  P. Davis,et al.  Adaptation, Survival, and Growth of the Family Business: An Integrated Systems Perspective , 1981 .

[45]  Working Daughters of Hong Kong: Filial Piety or Power in the Family , 1982 .

[46]  Reginald A. Litz.  THE FAMILY BUSINESS: TOWARD DEFINITIONAL CLARITY. , 1995 .

[47]  L. Steier,et al.  Variants of agency contracts in family-financed ventures as a continuum of familial altruistic and market rationalities $ , 2003 .

[48]  Sandro Lombardini.  Family, kin, and the quest for community: A study of three social networks in early-modern Italy , 1996 .

[49]  Gianni Lorenzoni,et al.  Constellations of Firms and New Ventures , 1988 .

[50]  J. Brøgger,et al.  The Matrifocal Family in Iberia: Spain and Portugal Compared , 1997 .

[51]  M. Cowling,et al.  The Scale and Nature of Family Business , 2002 .

[52]  E. Kepner,et al.  The Family and the Firm: A Coevolutionary Perspective , 1991 .

[53]  M. Cowling,et al.  Performance contrasts between family and non‐family unquoted companies in the UK , 1997 .

[54]  J. Cox,et al.  Families Divided: Culture and Control in Small Family Business , 2003 .

[55]  Raymond W. Smilor,et al.  The Art and Science of Entrepreneurship , 1986 .

[56]  Monder Ram,et al.  Relative Merits: Family Culture and Kinship in Small Firms , 1993 .

[57]  Daniel Nelson,et al.  Managers and Workers: Origins of the New Factory System in the United States , 1975 .

[58]  James J. Chrisman,et al.  Defining the Family Business by Behavior , 1999 .

[59]  Ronald C. Anderson,et al.  Founding Family Ownership and the Agency Cost of Debt , 2003 .

[60]  Rik Donckels,et al.  Are Family Businesses Really Different? European Experiences from STRATOS , 1991 .

[61]  T. Hareven.  The laborers of Manchester, New Hampshire, 1912–1922: The role of family and ethnicity in adjustment to industrial life∗ , 1975 .

[62]  E. Hamilton.  Whose Story is it Anyway? , 2006 .

[63]  P. Leach,et al.  The Stoy Hayward Guide to the Family Business , 1994 .

[64]  G. Crossick,et al.  The Petite Bourgeoisie in Europe 1780-1914: Enterprise, Family and Independence , 1995 .

[65]  A. Kimhi.  Intergenerational Succession in Small Family Businesses: Borrowing Constraints and Optimal Timing of Succession , 1997 .

[66]  Frank Hoy,et al.  Emerging Business, Emerging Field: Entrepreneurship and the Family Firm , 1994 .

[67]  C. Salvato,et al.  Self–Serving or Self–Actualizing? Models of Man and Agency Costs in Different Types of Family Firms: A Commentary on “Comparing the Agency Costs of Family and Non–family Firms: Conceptual Issues and Exploratory Evidence” , 2004 .

[68]  N. Elman,et al.  Family-Owned Businesses: An Emerging Field of Inquiry , 1988 .

[69]  Shaker A. Zahra,et al.  Entrepreneurship in Family vs. Non–Family Firms: A Resource–Based Analysis of the Effect of Organizational Culture , 2004 .

[70]  Howard E. Aldrich,et al.  The pervasive effects of family on entrepreneurship: toward a family embeddedness perspective , 2003 .

[71]  W. Gibb Dyer,et al.  Current State of Family Business Theory and Practice as Reflected in Family Business Review 1988—1997 , 1998 .

[72]  V. Nee,et al.  Immigrant self-employment: the family as social capital and the value of human capital. , 1996 .

[73]  G. Cookson.  Family Firms and Business Networks: Textile Engineering in Yorkshire, 1780–1830 , 1997 .

[74]  M. McCollom.  Organizational Stories in a Family-Owned Business , 1992 .

[75]  Barbara J. Bird,et al.  Family Business Research: The Evolution of an Academic Field , 2002 .

[76]  C. Daily,et al.  Alternative Methodologies for Identifying Family- versus Nonfamily-Managed Businesses , 1993 .

[77]  Pramodita Sharma,et al.  An Overview of the Field of Family Business Studies: Current Status and Directions for the Future , 2004 .

[78]  R. K. Heck.  A Commentary on “Entrepreneurship in Family vs. Non–Family Firms: A Resource–Based Analysis of the Effect of Organizational Culture” , 2004 .

[79]  Rosabeth Moss Kanter,et al.  Work and Family in the United States: A Critical Review and Agenda for Research and Policy , 1978 .

[80]  Y. Benschop,et al.  Reflexive Methodology, New Vistas for Qualitative Research , 2002 .