Bicycle Sharing in the U.S.A.: State of the Art

Bicycle sharing schemes have exploded in growth over the past five years. As of 2012, at least 19 bicycle sharing programs are either in operation or will be implemented soon in cities throughout the United States. Numerous programs also exist on college campuses. This article describes the benefits of a bicycle sharing program, operational characteristics, and the features that make for a successful bicycle program. Bicycle sharing programs can reduce automobile dependency and increase public mobility, which in turn can protect the environment, reduce traffic congestion and improve public health. The largest of the programs currently in operation have approximately 1,000 bikes and 100 stations, although New York City plans to roll out a massive bicycle sharing program in 2012 that will feature 10,000 bicycles and 600 stations. The most successful programs in current operation feature over 2,000 trips per day. However, successful bicycle sharing programs can also be small, with less than 20 bicycles and only one or two stations. Most bicycle sharing systems are currently being operated by private companies. To be successful, a bicycle sharing program ideally should be located in a high-density, flat-terrain area with bicycle paths and lanes. The program should offer ample docking stations and bicycles throughout the service area, and be simple and inexpensive to use. Ensuring that bicycles are well-maintained is also an important component to attract repeat users. An experienced, well-funded operator can also be an important component to success.