Research progresses of cathodic hydrogen evolution in advanced lead–acid batteries

Abstract Integrating high content carbon into the negative electrodes of advanced lead–acid batteries effectively eliminates the sulfation and improves the cycle life, but brings the problem of hydrogen evolution, which increases inner pressure and accelerates the water loss. In this review, the mechanism of hydrogen evolution reaction in advanced lead–acid batteries, including lead–carbon battery and ultrabattery, is briefly reviewed. The strategies on suppression hydrogen evolution via structure modifications of carbon materials and adding hydrogen evolution inhibitors are summarized as well. The review points out effective ways to inhibit hydrogen evolution and prolong the cycling life of advanced lead–acid battery, especially in high-rate partial-state-of-charge applications.摘要在传统铅酸电池的负极引入高含量的碳材料制备成铅碳电池或超级电池,能够有效消除负极不可逆硫酸盐化现象,大大提高电池的循环寿命。但高含量碳材料的加入引起了电池正常工作时负极析氢的严重问题,导致电池内部失水严重及内压升高。针对此问题,本文讨论了先进铅酸电池(包括铅碳电池和超级电池)中负极析氢反应的机理,以此为理论基础总结了2种抑制负极析氢方法:(1) 碳材料的结构改性,包括碳材料的物理结构改性及化学修饰与掺杂;(2) 析氢抑制剂的添加,即在碳材料中添加具有高析氢过电位的析氢抑制剂。本文指出了有效抑制先进铅酸电池负极析氢、延长电池寿命的思路,简要讨论了先进铅酸电池的研究方向,对先进铅酸电池的进一步发展具有一定的指导意义。

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