The Whitehall Study: Ten Year Follow‐up Report on Men With Impaired Glucose Tolerance With Reference to Worsening to Diabetes and Predictors of Death

Two‐hundred and four men with a defined degree of impaired glucose tolerance derived from the Whitehall Survey and its pilot study were enrolled in a therapeutic trial and followed for ten years. For the first five years of the trial approximately half the group received 50 mg phenformin daily and the other half an identical placebo. For the whole ten years of the trial approximately half the group were recommended a diet in which carbohydrate intake was limited to 120 g/day, while the other half was recommended a qualitative limitation of sugar intake. 60 men (29.4%) worsened to diabetes during the follow‐up period. The major independent predictor of worsening was the baseline blood glucose level (glucose tolerance). High baseline plasma triglyceride levels and low baseline systolic blood pressure levels were also independent predictors of worsening, though of lower significance (0.01

[1]  H. Keen,et al.  AN IMMUNOASSAY METHOD FOR URINARY ALBUMIN AT LOW CONCENTRATIONS. , 1963, Lancet.

[2]  C. Mahan,et al.  Blood sugar levels, glycosuria, and body weight related to development of diabetes mellitus. The Oxford epidemiologic study 17 years later. , 1965, JAMA.

[3]  H. Blackburn,et al.  Cardiovascular survey methods. , 1969, Monograph series. World Health Organization.

[4]  G. Greaves.  Some Observations on Apnœa Neonatorum , 1862 .

[5]  R J Jarrett,et al.  Mortality from coronary heart disease and stroke in relation to degree of glycaemia: the Whitehall study. , 1983, British medical journal.

[6]  H. Keen,et al.  Cardiorespiratory disease and diabetes among middle-aged male Civil Servants. A study of screening and intervention. , 1974, Lancet.

[7]  Strother H. Walker,et al.  Estimation of the probability of an event as a function of several independent variables. , 1967, Biometrika.

[8]  D. Cramp,et al.  The fluorometric assay of triglyceride by a semiautomated method. , 1968, Analytical biochemistry.

[9]  P. Björntorp,et al.  The health consequences of moderate obesity. , 1981, International journal of obesity.

[10]  B. Zak,et al.  AUTOMATED DETERMINATION OF SERUM TOTAL CHOLESTEROL. , 1964, Clinica chimica acta; international journal of clinical chemistry.

[11]  O. Olafsson,et al.  Community screening for glucose intolerance in middle-aged Icelandic men. Deterioration to diabetes over a period of 71/2 years. , 2009, Acta medica Scandinavica.

[12]  C. Mahan,et al.  Prospective study of 352 young patients with chemical diabetes. , 1968, The New England journal of medicine.

[13]  H. Keen,et al.  Glucose tolerance and blood pressure in two population samples: their relation to diabetes mellitus and hypertension. , 1978, International journal of epidemiology.

[14]  H. Keen,et al.  Treatment of borderline diabetes: controlled trial using carbohydrate restriction and phenformin. , 1977, British medical journal.