Fatores imunogenéticos associados ao diabetes mellitus do tipo 1

O diabetes mellitus do tipo 1 tem sido considerado uma doenca auto-imune orgao-especifica, decorrente da destruicao seletiva das celulas betapancreaticas. Apresenta patogenia complexa, envolvendo a participacao de varios fatores, dentre esses a susceptibilidade imunogenetica com forte associacao aos genes de histocompatibilidade (HLA), eventos ambientais e resposta auto-imune com presenca de auto-anticorpos e/ou linfocitos auto-reativos, culminando em anormalidades metabolicas. Neste estudo, a revisao da literatura descreve os mecanismos pelos quais determinados fatores conferem susceptibilidade para o seu desencadeamento e, adicionalmente, as inovacoes na predicao dessa desordem que, certamente, contribuirao para a assistencia de enfermagem aos pacientes portadores do diabetes tipo 1.

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