Global positioning system and method based on quantum characteristics

The invention discloses a system and a method for satellite positioning by using an optical signal of quantum characteristics, which mainly solves the problems of low positioning precision and time synchronous precision of the traditional global positioning system. The system mainly comprises a quantum light source generator, a reflector, a pyramid reflector, a delay controller, a beam splitter, a photon detector, a coincidence measurement unit, a photon pulse period accumulation unit, a TOA (Time Of Arrival) measurement unit, a data processing unit, a navigation positioning test experimental unit, and the like. The positioning method comprises the following steps of: acquiring a pulse accumulation outline by utilizing the optical signal of quantum characteristics, generated by the quantum light source generator, as external information input; obtaining TOA pulse information through detecting a model, carrying out data processing through a filter, and acquiring parameters, such as, position, time, and the like of a positioned object in real time; and realizing high precision positioning and timing. The invention has the advantages of providing long time and high precision navigation positioning for a navigational satellite, improving the accuracy of the satellite navigation positioning and the high confidentiality of information transmission, is suitable for the fields of navigation, positioning and timing of stationary or moving targets on the ground and spacecrafts in low earth orbit and can also be used in the application field of high precision autonomous navigation positioning of deep space and interplanetary flight spacecrafts, celestial body landers and surface cruisers thereof.