Fabry-Perot Antenna Employing Artificial Magnetic Conductors and Phase Gradient Metasurface for Wideband Monostatic RCS Reduction and High Gain Tilted Beam Radiation

Platforms with low radar signatures require compatible antennas (low scattering) for communication purposes. Under this context, the article presents two Fabry-Perot (FP) Cavity antennas (Ant-1 and Ant-2). Ant-1’s aperture is an integrated design of artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) surface and a phase gradient metasurface (PGM), incorporating three unit-cell structures. The antenna achieves reduced monostatic scattering over broad bandwidth, and simultaneously obtains high gain as well as tilted beam peak radiation. Patch radiating at 7 GHz forms excitation source of the cavity, and cavity height is <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$0.33\lambda $ </tex-math></inline-formula>, smaller than the heights of conventional cavity designs (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\lambda $ </tex-math></inline-formula>/2). RCS reduction is obtained over a bandwidth of 105.8% (4-13 GHz) for arbitrary polarizations, covering C/X bands. Antenna gain is 12 dB, and peak radiation tilt is −60° in elevation plane. Simulations have been verified through fabricated prototype. Ant-2 is a modification of Ant-1. Ant-2’s aperture is constructed from two unit-cell structures, and its aperture size is 41% smaller than Ant-1. Its cavity height is <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$0.3\lambda $ </tex-math></inline-formula>. Ant-2 also achieves wideband backscattering reduction; however, due to asymmetric layout of unit-cell elements over the aperture, radar cross section (RCS) reduction bandwidth is different for the two polarizations. For vertically polarized (VP) incident wave, RCS reduction bandwidth is 105.8% (4-13 GHz), but for horizontally polarized (HP) wave, it is 85.7% (5.2-13 GHz). Nevertheless, broadband RCS reduction is still achieved for both polarizations. Peak gain is 11.73 dB, achieved at −37° tilt angle. Simulations are presented for Ant-2. Compared to literature, both antennas show various improved results.