Particle Deposition in Human Nasal Airway Replicas Manufactured by Different Methods. Part I: Inertial Regime Particles

Information on the deposition efficiency of aerosol particles in the nasal airways is used for optimizing the delivery of therapeutic aerosols into the nose and for risk assessment of toxic airborne pollutants inhaled through the nose into the respiratory system. Nasal particle deposition is often studied using plastic replicas of nasal airways. Deposition efficiency in a nasal replica manufactured by stereolithography has not been reported to date. We determined the inertial particle deposition efficiency of two replicas of the same nasal airways manufactured by different stereolithography machines and compared results with deposition efficiencies reported for models manufactured by other techniques from the same magnetic resonance imaging scans. Deposition in the replicas was measured for particles of aerodynamic diameter between 1 and 10 μm and constant inspiratory flow rates ranging from 20–40 Ipm. Deposition efficiency of the replicas increased from nearly 0–100% with increasing particle inertia. For a range of particle inertias, particle deposition in the replica made with higher resolution stereolithography machine was slightly less than in the replica made with a lower resolution stereolithography process. These data showed lower deposition efficiency when compared with other deposition studies in nasal replicas based on the same magnetic resonance imaging data. The differences in deposition efficiency can be attributed in part to differences in methods used to manufacture the replicas. There was little or no difference in deposition due to cutting tool size, some difference due to the use of assembly plates, and some difference due to surface roughness. These associations suggest that inertial nasal particle deposition is significantly influenced by small differences in nasal airways.

[1]  Barton Dahneke,et al.  The capture of aerosol particles by surfaces , 1971 .

[2]  D. L. Swift,et al.  Inspiratory Inertial Deposition of Aerosols in Human Nasal Airway Replicate Casts: Implication for the Proposed NCRP Lung Model , 1991 .

[3]  Günter Oberdörster,et al.  Ultrafine Particle Deposition in Humans During Rest and Exercise , 2003, Inhalation toxicology.

[4]  Julia S. Kimbell,et al.  COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS OF INSPIRATORY AIRFLOW IN THE HUMAN NOSE AND NASOPHARYNX , 1998 .

[5]  C. P. Yu,et al.  Diffusional Particle Deposition in the Human Nose and Mouth , 1989 .

[6]  Massimo Martorelli,et al.  Surface roughness visualisation for rapid prototyping models , 2002, Comput. Aided Des..

[7]  K.K.B. Hon,et al.  Improving Stereolithography Part Accuracy for Industrial Applications , 2001 .

[8]  W. Fokkens,et al.  The Sophia Anatomical Infant Nose-Throat (Saint) model: a valuable tool to study aerosol deposition in infants. , 2001, Journal of aerosol medicine : the official journal of the International Society for Aerosols in Medicine.

[9]  R. A. Guilmette,et al.  Construction of a Model of Human Nasal Airways Using In Vivo Morphometric Data , 1994 .

[10]  R A Guilmette,et al.  Characterization of nasal spray pumps and deposition pattern in a replica of the human nasal airway. , 2001, Journal of aerosol medicine : the official journal of the International Society for Aerosols in Medicine.

[11]  Yuji Yamada,et al.  Diffusional deposition of ultrafine aerosols in a human nasal cast , 1988 .

[12]  Ted B Martonen,et al.  Fine Particle Deposition Within Human Nasal Airways , 2003, Inhalation toxicology.

[13]  T. Martonen,et al.  Comments on : Recent data for particle deposition in human nasal passages' , 1992 .

[14]  M. Utell,et al.  Acute health effects of ambient air pollution: the ultrafine particle hypothesis. , 2000, Journal of aerosol medicine : the official journal of the International Society for Aerosols in Medicine.

[15]  P. Hopke,et al.  The Penetration of Ultrafine Particles of 218Po Through Human Nasal and Oral Cast Models , 1992 .

[16]  D. Taylor,et al.  Human Respiratory Tract Model for Radiological Protection , 1996 .

[17]  The Particulate Air Pollution Controversy: A Case Study and Lessons Learned , 2002 .

[18]  Icrp Human Respiratory Tract Model for Radiological Protection , 1994 .

[19]  S. Newman,et al.  Nasal distribution of budesonide inhaled via a powder inhaler. , 1993, Rhinology.

[20]  D. Swift,et al.  Deposition of Ultrafine Aerosols and Thoron Progeny in Replicas of Nasal Airways of Young Children , 1995 .

[21]  G. Kenyon,et al.  The nasal valves: changes in anatomy and physiology in normal subjects. , 2000, Rhinology.

[22]  David L. Swift,et al.  Deposition of Ultrafine Aerosols in the Head Airways During Natural Breathing and During Simulated Breath Holding Using Replicate Human Upper Airway Casts , 1995 .

[23]  R A Guilmette,et al.  Effect of flow rate on particle deposition in a replica of a human nasal airway. , 2001, Inhalation toxicology.

[24]  M. R. Bailey,et al.  The influence of breathing patterns on particle deposition in a nasal replicate cast , 2002 .

[25]  R P Subramaniam,et al.  Use of computational fluid dynamics models for dosimetry of inhaled gases in the nasal passages. , 2001, Inhalation toxicology.

[26]  K. Morgan,et al.  Reconstruction of complex passageways for simulations of transport phenomena: development of a graphical user interface for biological applications. , 1995, Computer methods and programs in biomedicine.

[27]  R. Shephard,et al.  The switching point from nasal to oronasal breathing. , 1980, Respiration physiology.

[28]  R. Lessmann,et al.  Experiments on Particle Deposition in the Human Upper Respiratory System , 1998 .

[29]  Shaida Am,et al.  The nasal valves: changes in anatomy and physiology in normal subjects. , 2000 .

[30]  P. Hopke,et al.  Inspiratory deposition of ultrafine particles in human nasal replicate cast , 1992 .

[31]  Ramaratnam R Bishu,et al.  Investigation of the effect of various build methods on the performance of rapid prototyping (stereolithography) , 1996 .

[32]  B. Asgharian,et al.  Deposition of inhaled charged ultrafine particles in a simple tracheal model , 1995 .

[33]  R. K. Sharma,et al.  Introduction: Inhaled Drug Delivery , 2001 .

[34]  Raymond A. Guilmette,et al.  Morphometry of Human Nasal Airways In Vivo Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging , 1989 .

[35]  C. Pope Review: Epidemiological Basis for Particulate Air Pollution Health Standards , 2000 .

[36]  W. MacNee,et al.  Potential mechanisms of adverse pulmonary and cardiovascular effects of particulate air pollution (PM10). , 2001, International journal of hygiene and environmental health.

[37]  B. Asgharian,et al.  Generation of Submicron Mass/Volume-Monodisperse Aerosols with a Nebulizer-Impactor-Electrostatic Classifier System , 1992 .

[38]  S. Sanjar,et al.  Treating systemic diseases via the lung. , 2001, Journal of aerosol medicine : the official journal of the International Society for Aerosols in Medicine.

[39]  Gerald C. Smaldone,et al.  Mechanisms of aerosol deposition in a nasal model , 1985 .

[40]  Scintigraphic Assessment of the Oropharyngeal and Nasal Depositions of Fusafungine from a Pressurized Inhaler and from a Novel Pump Spray Device , 1995, The Journal of pharmacy and pharmacology.

[41]  B. Weiss,et al.  Association of particulate air pollution and acute mortality: involvement of ultrafine particles? , 1995, Inhalation toxicology.

[42]  X. Baur,et al.  Increased Incidence of DNA Double-Strand Breaks in Lung and Liver of Rats After Exposure to Crocidolite Asbestos Fibers , 1994 .

[43]  Simon L. Goren,et al.  Measurements of Kinetic Energy Loss for Particles Impacting Surfaces , 1990 .

[44]  Y. Cheng,et al.  An experimental method for measuring aerosol deposition efficiency in the human oral airway. , 1997, American Industrial Hygiene Association journal.

[45]  L. Illum Nasal drug delivery: new developments and strategies. , 2002, Drug discovery today.

[46]  Yin-Fong Su,et al.  Deposition of Thoron Progeny in Human Head Airways , 1993 .

[47]  J. Heyder,et al.  Deposition of aerosol particles in the human nose. , 1975, Inhaled particles.

[48]  B. Cohen,et al.  Deposition of charged particles on lung airways. , 1998, Health physics.