Core-Annular Flow of Oil and Water through a Pipeline

To facilitate the flow of a highly viscous heavy crude oil through a pipeline, it has been customary to reduce the viscosity of the oil either through the addition of a hydrocarbon diluent or through the installation of heating equipment at short intervals along the pipeline. The former method is practicable only in the somewhat unusual case where a supply of light oil is available in the same region as the heavy oil; the latter system is both inconvenient and costly

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