X-Ray Phase-Contrast Imaging with Three 2D Gratings

X-ray imaging is of paramount importance for clinical and preclinical imaging but it is fundamentally restricted by the attenuation-based contrast mechanism, which has remained essentially the same since Roentgen's discovery a century ago. Recently, based on the Talbot effect, groundbreaking work was reported using 1D gratings for X-ray phase-contrast imaging with a hospital-grade X-ray tube instead of a synchrotron or microfocused source. In this paper, we report an extension using 2D gratings that reduces the imaging time and increases the accuracy and robustness of phase retrieval compared to current grating-based phase-contrast techniques. Feasibility is demonstrated via numerical simulation.

[1]  Krzysztof Patorski,et al.  Handbook of the moiré fringe technique , 1993 .

[2]  H. Talbot,et al.  LXXVI. Facts relating to optical science. No. IV , 1834 .

[3]  Atsushi Momose,et al.  Phase Tomography by X-ray Talbot Interferometry for Biological Imaging , 2006 .

[4]  Timm Weitkamp,et al.  Tomography with grating interferometers at low-brilliance sources , 2006, SPIE Optics + Photonics.

[5]  Jiri Kyvalsky,et al.  The self-imaging phenomenon and its applications , 2003, Photonics Prague.

[6]  V Arrizón,et al.  Fractional Talbot field and of finite gratings: compact analytical formulation. , 2001, Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics, image science, and vision.

[7]  Y Surrel,et al.  Design of algorithms for phase measurements by the use of phase stepping. , 1996, Applied optics.

[8]  O. Bunk,et al.  Phase retrieval and differential phase-contrast imaging with low-brilliance X-ray sources , 2006 .

[9]  T Suzuki,et al.  Shearing interferometer using the grating as the beam splitter. , 1971, Applied optics.

[10]  Franz Pfeiffer,et al.  X-ray phase imaging with a grating interferometer. , 2005, Optics express.

[11]  A. Momose,et al.  X-ray Talbot Interferometry with Capillary Plates , 2006 .

[12]  Atsushi Momose,et al.  Biological Imaging by X-ray Phase Tomography Using Diffraction-Enhanced Imaging , 2005 .

[13]  K. Creath.  V Phase-Measurement Interferometry Techniques , 1988 .

[14]  Aimin Yan,et al.  X-ray phase-attenuation duality and phase retrieval. , 2005, Optics letters.

[15]  O. Bunk,et al.  Neutron phase imaging and tomography. , 2006, Physical review letters.

[16]  J. Winthrop,et al.  Theory of Fresnel Images. I. Plane Periodic Objects in Monochromatic Light , 1965 .

[17]  A K Louis,et al.  Phase contrast tomography using holographic measurements , 2004 .

[18]  S. Wilkins,et al.  Phase-contrast imaging using polychromatic hard X-rays , 1996, Nature.

[19]  Jürg E. Balmer,et al.  A wavefront sensor based on the fractional Talbot effect , 2001 .

[20]  Enrique E. Sicre,et al.  Wavefront sensor using the Talbot effect , 1999 .

[21]  W. Talbot.  Facts relating to optical science , 1836 .

[22]  Krzysztof Patorski,et al.  I The Self-Imaging Phenomenon and its Applications , 1989 .

[23]  J. Als-Nielsen,et al.  Elements of Modern X-ray Physics , 2001 .

[24]  A Olivo,et al.  Modelling of a novel x-ray phase contrast imaging technique based on coded apertures , 2007, Physics in medicine and biology.

[25]  A. W. Lohmann,et al.  An interferometer based on the Talbot effect , 1971 .

[26]  J. P. Guigay,et al.  On Fresnel Diffraction by One-dimensional Periodic Objects, with Application to Structure Determination of Phase Objects , 1971 .

[27]  Atsushi Momose,et al.  Biomedical imaging by Talbot-type x-ray phase tomography , 2006, SPIE Optics + Photonics.

[28]  Jürgen Jahns,et al.  Fractional Montgomery effect: a self-imaging phenomenon. , 2005, Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics, image science, and vision.

[29]  Timm Weitkamp,et al.  X-ray wavefront analysis and optics characterization with a grating interferometer , 2005 .

[30]  O. Bunk,et al.  Hard x-ray phase tomography with low-brilliance sources. , 2007, Physical review letters.

[31]  O. Bunk,et al.  A two-directional approach for grating based differential phase contrast imaging using hard x-rays. , 2007, Optics express.

[32]  A. Momose.  Recent Advances in X-ray Phase Imaging , 2005 .

[33]  Hong Liu,et al.  Clarification of aspects in in-line phase-sensitive x-ray imaging. , 2007, Medical physics.

[34]  Atsushi Momose,et al.  Demonstration of X-Ray Talbot Interferometry , 2003 .

[35]  E. Wolf.  PHASE-MEASUREMENT INTERFEROMETRY TECHNIQUES , 2010 .

[36]  A. Momose,et al.  Phase-contrast radiographs of nonstained rat cerebellar specimen. , 1995, Medical physics.