Interaction of photons with plasmas and liquid metals - photoabsorption and scattering

Formulae for describing the photoabsorption and the photon scattering by a plasma or a liquid metal are derived in a unified manner. It is shown how the nuclear motion, the free-electron motion and the core-electron behaviour of each ion in the system determine the structure of the photoabsorption and scattering in an electron-ion mixture. The absorption cross section in the dipole approximation consists of three terms which represent the absorption caused by the nuclear motion, the absorption owing to the free-electron motion producing optical conductivity or inverse Bremsstrahlung and the absorption ascribed to the core-electron behaviour of each ion with the Doppler correction. Also, the photon scattering formula provides an analysis method for experiments observing the ion-ion dynamical structure factor (DSF), the electron-electron DSF giving plasma oscillations and the core-electron DSF yielding the x-ray Raman (Compton) scattering with a clear definition of the background scattering for each experiment, in a unified manner. A formula for anomalous x-ray scattering is also derived for a liquid metal. At the same time, Thomson scattering in plasma physics is discussed from this general point of view.

[1]  Nigel Woolsey,et al.  Kilovolt x-ray scattering from a plasma , 1998 .

[2]  Schülke,et al.  Dynamic structure of electrons in Li metal: Inelastic synchrotron x-ray scattering results and interpretation beyond the random-phase approximation. , 1986, Physical review. B, Condensed matter.

[3]  J. M. Prausnitz,et al.  Theory of Simple Liquids : by Jean-Pierre Hansen and Ian R. McDonald, Academic Press (Harcourt, Brace, Jovanovich, Publishers), London, New York, San Francisco, 1976, 395 pages, £14 , 1979 .

[4]  Y. Ohmura,et al.  Theory of X-Ray Raman Scattering , 1967 .

[5]  D.V. Giri,et al.  Plasma scattering of electromagnetic radiation , 1977, Proceedings of the IEEE.

[6]  P. Eisenberger,et al.  Compton Scattering of X Rays from Bound Electrons , 1970 .

[7]  Andrew Zangwill,et al.  Density-functional approach to local-field effects in finite systems: Photoabsorption in the rare gases , 1980 .

[8]  Robert A. Satten,et al.  An Introduction to the Theory of Atomic Spectra , 1974 .

[9]  R. Kubo.  The fluctuation-dissipation theorem , 1966 .

[10]  H. Sinn,et al.  COHERENT DYNAMIC STRUCTURE FACTOR OF LIQUID LITHIUM BY INELASTIC X-RAY SCATTERING , 1997 .

[11]  P. Carini,et al.  Strongly coupled plasma , 1978 .

[12]  Dennis L. Matthews,et al.  Characterization of laser‐produced plasmas by ultraviolet Thomson scattering , 1994 .

[13]  W. Rozmus,et al.  Thomson scattering from ion acoustic waves in laser plasmas , 1998 .

[14]  A. Zangwill,et al.  A nonrelativistic program for optical response in atoms using a time-dependent local density approximation , 1984 .

[15]  Dharma-wardana,et al.  Time-dependent density-functional theory of light absorption in dense plasmas: Application to iron plasma. , 1985, Physical review. A, General physics.

[16]  H. Horn,et al.  Strongly coupled plasma physics , 1993 .

[17]  P. Eisenberger,et al.  Measurement of the static structure factor for conduction electrons with use of synchrotron radiation , 1980 .

[18]  H. Sinn,et al.  Inelastic x-ray scattering by liquid lithium near the melting point , 1996 .

[19]  L. Hove.  Correlations in Space and Time and Born Approximation Scattering in Systems of Interacting Particles , 1954 .

[20]  D. Evans,et al.  Laser light scattering in laboratory plasmas , 1969 .

[21]  J. Chihara.  Difference in X-ray scattering between metallic and non-metallic liquids due to conduction electrons , 1987 .

[22]  D. Pines,et al.  The theory of quantum liquids , 1968 .

[23]  P. Platzman,et al.  Large anisotropy in the dynamic structure factor of graphite , 1976 .

[24]  I. R. Mcdonald,et al.  Theory of simple liquids , 1998 .

[25]  H. Nagasawa,et al.  Dynamic Structure Factor of Electrons in Li by Inelastic Synchrotron X-Ray Scattering , 1984 .

[26]  B. Cichocki,et al.  Polarizability of partially ionized, dense plasmas (application to photo-absorption calculations) , 1994 .

[27]  Tadasu Suzuki.  X-Ray Raman Scattering. Experiment. I , 1967 .

[28]  V. Bushuev,et al.  REVIEWS OF TOPICAL PROBLEMS: Inelastic scattering of x-ray and synchrotron radiation in crystals, coherent effects in inelastic scattering , 1977 .

[29]  Reginald W. James,et al.  The Optical principles of the diffraction of X-rays , 1948 .

[30]  William L. Barr,et al.  Spectral Line Broadening by Plasmas , 1975, IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science.

[31]  Ishikawa,et al.  Relation between the super-transition-array method in opacity calculations and the Hartree-Fock approximation at nonzero temperature. , 1995, Physical review. E, Statistical physics, plasmas, fluids, and related interdisciplinary topics.

[32]  Vradis,et al.  Dynamic structure factor S(k, omega ) of beryllium by x-ray inelastic scattering experiments. , 1985, Physical review. B, Condensed matter.

[33]  John Sheffield,et al.  Plasma Scattering of Electromagnetic Radiation , 1975 .

[34]  Nigel Woolsey,et al.  X-ray Scattering as a Dense Plasma Diagnostic , 1998 .

[35]  W. Rozmus,et al.  The inverse bremsstrahlung absorption coefficient in collisional plasmas , 1985 .

[36]  Y. Ueshima,et al.  Nucleus-electron model for states changing from a liquid metal to a plasma and the Saha equation. , 1999, Physical review. E, Statistical physics, plasmas, fluids, and related interdisciplinary topics.

[37]  T. Kishimoto,et al.  X-Ray Raman Scattering. II. Experiment with Cr Kα Radiation , 1970 .

[38]  M. W. Williams,et al.  Optical properties of liquid Na between 0.6 and 3.8 eV , 1976 .

[39]  B. Crasemann.  Atomic Inner-Shell Physics , 1985 .

[40]  P. Platzman,et al.  Investigation of X-Ray Plasmon Scattering in Single-Crystal Beryllium , 1973 .

[41]  Emil Wolf,et al.  Principles of Optics: Contents , 1999 .

[42]  Villeneuve,et al.  Electron-temperature inhomogeneities along an x-ray laser plasma. , 1993, Physical review. E, Statistical physics, plasmas, fluids, and related interdisciplinary topics.

[43]  B. MacGowan,et al.  THOMSON SCATTERING FROM HIGH-Z LASER-PRODUCED PLASMAS , 1999 .

[44]  P. Platzman,et al.  Waves and interactions in solid state plasmas , 1973 .

[45]  Kambayashi,et al.  First-principles molecular dynamics of liquid alkali metals based on the quantal hypernetted chain theory. , 1996, Physical review. E, Statistical physics, plasmas, fluids, and related interdisciplinary topics.

[46]  P. Madden,et al.  ION-ELECTRON CORRELATIONS IN LIQUID METALS FROM ORBITAL-FREE AB INITIO MOLECULAR DYNAMICS , 1998 .