Rich Lexicons and Restrictive Grammars: Maximum Likelihood Learning in Optimality Theory

_______________________________________________________________________ II ACKNOWLEDGMENTS _____________________________________________________________IV TABLE OF CONTENTS ______________________________________________________________ V LIST OF TABLES ___________________________________________________________________ X LIST OF FIGURES ________________________________________________________________ XIV

[1]  John A. Goldsmith,et al.  Unsupervised Learning of the Morphology of a Natural Language , 2001, CL.

[2]  Geert Booij,et al.  Syllable structure assignment in Polish , 1990 .

[3]  Bruce Tesar,et al.  Robust Interpretive Parsing in Metrical Stress Theory , 1998 .

[4]  Jason Eisner.  Easy and Hard Constraint Ranking in Optimality Theory: Algorithms and Complexity , 2000 .

[5]  Sharon Inkelas,et al.  ChildPhon: A Database Solution for the Study of Child Phonology , 2003 .

[6]  Mark Johnson,et al.  Learning OT constraint rankings using a maximum entropy model , 2003 .

[7]  John J. McCarthy,et al.  Headed spans and autosegmental spreading , 2004 .

[8]  Vladimir Solmon,et al.  The estimation of stochastic context-free grammars using the Inside-Outside algorithm , 2003 .

[9]  Clara C. Levelt,et al.  Syllable Types in Cross-linguistic and Developmental Grammars * , 1998 .

[10]  Draga Zec.  Sonority constraints on syllable structure , 1995, Phonology.

[11]  Brian MacWhinney,et al.  The CHILDES System , 1996 .

[12]  Wim Zonneveld,et al.  Learning phonotactic distributions , 2004 .

[13]  Bruce Tesar,et al.  Learning phonotactic distributions , 2004 .

[14]  Surfac Constraints versus Underlying Representation , 1996 .

[15]  K. Demuth.  Alignment, stress and parsing in early phonological words , 1996 .

[16]  Bruce Hayes,et al.  Phonological Restructuring in Yidin and its Theoretical Consequences , 2000 .

[17]  Katherine Demuth,et al.  Markedness and the Development of Prosodic Structure , 1995 .

[18]  J. Blevins.  The Syllable in Phonological Theory , 1995 .

[19]  P. Smolensky.  On the comprehension/production dilemma in child language , 1996 .

[20]  Katherine Demuth,et al.  Markedness vs . Frequency Effects in Coda Acquisition , 2003 .

[21]  Dan Klein,et al.  Corpus-Based Induction of Syntactic Structure: Models of Dependency and Constituency , 2004, ACL.

[22]  Cecilia J. Kirk,et al.  Onset/coda asymmetries in the acquisition of clusters , 2003 .

[23]  Paul Hagstrom,et al.  Partial Constraint Ordering in Child French Syntax , 2002 .

[24]  P. Smolensky.  The Initial State and 'Richness of the Base' in Optimality Theory , 1996 .

[25]  G. Clements.  Papers in Laboratory Phonology: The role of the sonority cycle in core syllabification , 1990 .

[26]  Mark Johnson,et al.  Representational Bias in Unsupervised Learning of Syllable Structure , 2005, CoNLL.

[27]  D. Apoussidou,et al.  Comparing different Optimality-theoretic learning algorithms for Latin stress , 2004 .

[28]  Steve Young,et al.  Applications of stochastic context-free grammars using the Inside-Outside algorithm , 1990 .

[29]  P. Lacy.  Markedness conflation in Optimality Theory , 2004, Phonology.

[30]  Lauri Karttunen,et al.  Finite-State Phonology: Proceedings of the 5th Workshop of the ACL Special Interest Group in Computational Phonology (SIGPHON) , 2001, ArXiv.

[31]  A. Anttila.  Morphologically conditioned phonological alternations , 2002 .

[32]  J. Baker.  Trainable grammars for speech recognition , 1979 .

[33]  Arto Anttila,et al.  Variation in Finnish phonology and morphology , 1997 .

[34]  Kie Zuraw,et al.  Patterned exceptions in phonology , 2000 .

[35]  Ying Lin,et al.  Learning Stochastic OT Grammars: A Bayesian Approach using Data Augmentation and Gibbs Sampling , 2005, ACL.

[36]  B. Hayes,et al.  Phonological Acquisition in Optimality Theory: the Early Stages 1 Submitted for a Forthcoming Volume on Phonological Acquisition and Typology, Edited Phonological Acquisition in Optimality Theory: the Early Stages , 1999 .

[37]  A. Gnanadesikan.  Constraints in Phonological Acquisition: Markedness and faithfulness constraints in child phonology , 2004 .

[38]  Detlef Prescher,et al.  A Tutorial on the Expectation-Maximization Algorithm Including Maximum-Likelihood Estimation and EM Training of Probabilistic Context-Free Grammars , 2004, ArXiv.

[39]  P. Smolensky,et al.  Optimality Theory: Constraint Interaction in Generative Grammar , 2004 .

[40]  Bruce Tesar,et al.  Using Inconsistency Detection to Overcome Structural Ambiguity in Language Learning , 2000 .

[41]  Geoffrey E. Hinton,et al.  A View of the Em Algorithm that Justifies Incremental, Sparse, and other Variants , 1998, Learning in Graphical Models.

[42]  Matthew G. Snover,et al.  A Bayesian Model for Morpheme and Paradigm Identification , 2001, ACL.

[43]  Bruce Tesar,et al.  An iterative strategy for language learning , 1998 .

[44]  P. Smolensky,et al.  The Initial and Final States: Theoretical Implications and Experimental Explorations of Richness of the Base , 2004 .

[45]  Gaja Jarosz,et al.  Polish Yers and the Finer Structure of Output-Output Correspondence , 2005 .

[46]  Dan Klein,et al.  A Generative Constituent-Context Model for Improved Grammar Induction , 2002, ACL.

[47]  Jennifer L. Smith,et al.  Onset sonority constraints and subsyllabic structure , 2002 .

[48]  B. Hayes,et al.  Phonological Acquisition in Optimality Theory: The Early Stages 1 , 1999 .

[49]  Bruce Tesar,et al.  Computational optimality theory , 1996 .

[50]  Joe Pater.  Non-uniformity in English secondary stress: the role of ranked and lexically specific constraints , 2000, Phonology.

[51]  G. Legendre,et al.  Evidence for syntactic competition in the acquisition of tense and agreement in child French , 2000 .

[52]  Bruce Tesar,et al.  Contrast Analysis in Phonological Learning 1 Contrast Analysis in Phonological Learning , 2004 .

[53]  Paul Boersma,et al.  Gradual constraint-ranking learning algorithm predicts acquisition order , 1999 .

[54]  Sharon Inkelas,et al.  The Implications of Lexical Exceptions for the Nature of Grammar , 2008 .

[55]  B. Tesar,et al.  Learning underlying forms by searching restricted lexical subspaces , 2005 .

[56]  Bruce Hayes,et al.  Gradient Well-Formedness in Optimality Theory , 2000 .

[57]  C. Levelt.  On the acquisition of place , 1994 .

[58]  Katherine Demuth,et al.  Multiple optimal outputs in acquisition , 1997 .

[59]  P. Boersma.  How we learn variation, optionality and probalility , 1997 .

[60]  Cecilia J. Kirk,et al.  Accounting for Variability in 2-Year-Olds' Production of Coda Consonants , 2006 .

[61]  Edith A. Moravcsik,et al.  Universals of human language , 1978 .

[62]  Bruce Tesar,et al.  Surgery in Language Learning , 2003 .

[63]  Bill Reynolds,et al.  Optimality Theory and variable word-final deletion in Faetar , 1997, Language Variation and Change.

[64]  P. Boersma,et al.  Empirical Tests of the Gradual Learning Algorithm , 2001, Linguistic Inquiry.

[65]  D. Rubin,et al.  Maximum likelihood from incomplete data via the EM - algorithm plus discussions on the paper , 1977 .

[66]  Diana Apoussidou,et al.  On-line learning of underlying forms , 2006 .