Laser-induced modifications of gold nanoparticles and their cytotoxic effect.

As nanotechnology continues to develop, an assessment of nanoparticles' toxicity becomes very crucial for biomedical applications. The current study examines the deleterious effects of pre-irradiated gold nanoparticles (GNPs) solutions on primary rat kidney cells (PRKCs). Spectroscopic and transmission electron microscopic studies demonstrated that exposure of 15 nm GNPs in size to pulsed laser caused a reduction both in optical density and mean particle diameter. GNPs showed an aggregation when added to the cell culture medium (DMEM). This aggregation was markedly decreased upon adding serum to the medium. Under our experimental conditions, trypan blue and MTT assays revealed no significant changes in cell viability when PRKCs were incubated with non-irradiated GNPs over a period of 72 h and up to 4 nM GNPs concentration. On the contrary, when cells were incubated with irradiated GNPs a significant reduction in PRKCs viability was revealed.

[1]  G. Frens.  Controlled nucleation for the regulation of the particle size in monodisperse gold solutions , 1973 .

[2]  Anjan Kr Dasgupta,et al.  Cell selective response to gold nanoparticles. , 2007, Nanomedicine : nanotechnology, biology, and medicine.

[3]  J. Je,et al.  Optimizing the size and surface properties of polyethylene glycol (PEG)–gold nanoparticles by intense x-ray irradiation , 2008 .

[4]  M. Epple,et al.  Gold nanoparticles: dispersibility in biological media and cell-biological effect , 2010 .

[5]  P. Jain,et al.  Gold nanoparticles: interesting optical properties and recent applications in cancer diagnostics and therapy. , 2007, Nanomedicine.

[6]  Hao Hong,et al.  Applications of gold nanoparticles in cancer nanotechnology. , 2008, Nanotechnology, science and applications.

[7]  J. Hillier,et al.  A study of the nucleation and growth processes in the synthesis of colloidal gold , 1951 .

[8]  J. Kimling,et al.  Turkevich method for gold nanoparticle synthesis revisited. , 2006, The journal of physical chemistry. B.

[9]  S. Hsu,et al.  Cytotoxicity and immunological response of gold and silver nanoparticles of different sizes. , 2009, Small.

[10]  Arezou A Ghazani,et al.  Determining the size and shape dependence of gold nanoparticle uptake into mammalian cells. , 2006, Nano letters.

[11]  C. Murphy,et al.  Gold nanoparticles are taken up by human cells but do not cause acute cytotoxicity. , 2005, Small.

[12]  J. Fan,et al.  Biocompatibility Study of Gold Nanoparticles to Human Cells , 2009 .

[13]  A. Takami,et al.  Laser-Induced Size Reduction of Noble Metal Particles , 1999 .

[14]  L. Brannon-Peppas,et al.  Nanoparticle and targeted systems for cancer therapy. , 2004, Advanced drug delivery reviews.

[15]  Jinatta Jittiwat,et al.  Biodistribution of gold nanoparticles and gene expression changes in the liver and spleen after intravenous administration in rats. , 2010, Biomaterials.

[16]  C. H. Chen,et al.  Aqueous gold nanosols stabilized by electrostatic protection generated by X-ray irradiation assisted radical reduction , 2007 .

[17]  E. Coronado,et al.  The Optical Properties of Metal Nanoparticles: The Influence of Size, Shape, and Dielectric Environment , 2003 .

[18]  M. Abdelhamid,et al.  Low power argon laser-induced thermal therapy for subcutaneous Ehrlich carcinoma in mice using spherical gold nanoparticles. , 2010, Journal of biomedical nanotechnology.

[19]  Xiaohua Huang,et al.  Cancer cell imaging and photothermal therapy in the near-infrared region by using gold nanorods. , 2006, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[20]  M. El-Sayed,et al.  Laser photothermal melting and fragmentation of gold nanorods: Energy and laser pulse-width dependence , 1999 .

[21]  Erik C. Dreaden,et al.  Gold nanorod assisted near-infrared plasmonic photothermal therapy (PPTT) of squamous cell carcinoma in mice. , 2008, Cancer letters.

[22]  S. Ghosh,et al.  Biomolecule induced nanoparticle aggregation: effect of particle size on interparticle coupling. , 2007, Journal of colloid and interface science.

[23]  Moshi Geso,et al.  Enhancement of radiation effects by gold nanoparticles for superficial radiation therapy. , 2009, Nanomedicine : nanotechnology, biology, and medicine.

[24]  S. Inasawa,et al.  Size Controlled Formation of Gold Nanoparticles Using Photochemical Grwoth and Photothermal Size Reduction by 308 nm Laser Pulses , 2003 .

[25]  Prashant K. Jain,et al.  Plasmonic photothermal therapy (PPTT) using gold nanoparticles , 2008, Lasers in Medical Science.

[26]  Parag Aggarwal,et al.  Interaction of colloidal gold nanoparticles with human blood: effects on particle size and analysis of plasma protein binding profiles. , 2009, Nanomedicine : nanotechnology, biology, and medicine.

[27]  G. Frens.  Controlled Nucleation for the Regulation of the Particle Size in Monodisperse Gold Suspensions , 1973 .

[28]  D. Werner,et al.  Femtosecond Laser-Induced Size Reduction of Aqueous Gold Nanoparticles: In Situ and Pump−Probe Spectroscopy Investigations Revealing Coulomb Explosion , 2011 .

[29]  Vladimir P. Zharov,et al.  Photothermal guidance for selective photothermolysis with nanoparticles , 2004, SPIE BiOS.

[30]  Seiichiro Koda,et al.  Size reduction of gold particles in aqueous solution by pulsed laser irradiation , 1998 .

[31]  Paresh Chandra Ray,et al.  Challenge in Understanding Size and Shape Dependent Toxicity of Gold Nanomaterials in Human Skin Keratinocytes. , 2008, Chemical physics letters.

[32]  M. El-Sayed,et al.  Some interesting properties of metals confined in time and nanometer space of different shapes. , 2001, Accounts of chemical research.

[33]  J. Pfleger,et al.  Interaction of high-power laser pulses with monodisperse gold particles , 2007 .

[34]  J F Hainfeld,et al.  Gold nanoparticles: a new X-ray contrast agent. , 2006, The British journal of radiology.

[35]  Sabine Neuss,et al.  Size-dependent cytotoxicity of gold nanoparticles. , 2007, Small.