The Language of Chance

Prior to 1654, the accepted date of the birth of the probability calculus, the publication of probabilistic calculations was very spotty. The few calculations that have been made are reviewed in David (1962), Coumet (1965), Hald (1990), Kendall (1956), Schneider (1988), and Todhunter (1865). In view of the paucity of the publication record, authors such as Hacking (1975) have argued that modern concepts of probability did not exist before 1654. Other authors have speculated about what held up the development of the probability calculus.

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