Effect of geometric sharpness on translucent material perception

When judging the optical properties of a translucent object, humans often look at sharp geometric features such as edges and thin parts. An analysis of the physics of light transport shows that these sharp geometries are necessary for scientific imaging systems to be able to accurately measure the underlying material optical properties. In this article, we examine whether human perception of translucency is likewise affected by the presence of sharp geometry, by confounding our perceptual inferences about an object's optical properties. We use physically accurate simulations to create visual stimuli of translucent materials with varying shapes and optical properties under different illuminations. We then use these stimuli in psychophysical experiments, where human observers are asked to match an image of a target object by adjusting the material parameters of a match object with different geometric sharpness, lighting, and three-dimensional geometry. We find that the level of geometric sharpness significantly affects perceived translucency by observers. These findings generalize across a few illumination conditions and object shapes. Our results suggest that the perceived translucency of an object depends on both the underlying material's optical parameters and the three-dimensional shape of the object. We also find that models based on image contrast cannot fully predict the perceptual results.

[1]  Bruce Walter,et al.  Looking against the light: how perception of translucency depends on lighting direction. , 2014, Journal of vision.

[2]  Shin'ya Nishida,et al.  Material and shape perception based on two types of intensity gradient information , 2018, PLoS Comput. Biol..

[3]  Andrea J. van Doorn,et al.  Shading in the case of translucent objects , 2001, IS&T/SPIE Electronic Imaging.

[4]  Q. Zaidi,et al.  Perceived transparency of neutral density filters across dissimilar backgrounds. , 2004, Journal of vision.

[5]  Michiteru Kitazaki,et al.  Image regions contributing to perceptual translucency: A psychophysical reverse-correlation study , 2013, i-Perception.

[6]  Katja Doerschner,et al.  Effects of surface reflectance and 3D shape on perceived rotation axis. , 2013, Journal of vision.

[7]  Phillip J. Marlow,et al.  The Perception and Misperception of Specular Surface Reflectance , 2012, Current Biology.

[8]  Serge O Dumoulin,et al.  Measurement of population receptive fields in human early visual cortex using back-projection tomography. , 2014, Journal of vision.

[9]  J. Todd,et al.  Is the perception of 3D shape from shading based on assumed reflectance and illumination? , 2014, i-Perception.

[10]  Jitendra Malik,et al.  Shape, Illumination, and Reflectance from Shading , 2015, IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence.

[11]  Shuang Zhao,et al.  High-order similarity relations in radiative transfer , 2014, ACM Trans. Graph..

[12]  James H. Elder,et al.  Effects of Specular Highlights on Perceived Surface Convexity , 2014, PLoS Comput. Biol..

[13]  Wei Ji Ma,et al.  Independence is elusive: set size effects on encoding precision in visual search. , 2013, Journal of vision.

[14]  I. Motoyoshi Highlight-shading relationship as a cue for the perception of translucent and transparent materials. , 2010, Journal of vision.

[15]  Yoshinori Dobashi,et al.  Visual discrimination of optical material properties: A large-scale study , 2019, bioRxiv.

[16]  Heinrich H. Bülthoff,et al.  Low-Level Image Cues in the Perception of Translucent Materials , 2005, TAP.

[17]  Heinrich H. Bülthoff,et al.  Perceiving translucent materials , 2004, APGV '04.

[18]  A. Ishimaru Wave propagation and scattering in random media and rough surfaces , 1991, Proc. IEEE.

[19]  Sylvia C Pont,et al.  Illusory gloss on Lambertian surfaces. , 2010, Journal of vision.

[20]  H. Müller,et al.  Contextual cueing in 3D visual search depends on representations in planar-, not depth-defined space. , 2017, Journal of vision.

[21]  Roland W Fleming,et al.  Influence of optical material properties on the perception of liquids. , 2016, Journal of vision.

[22]  Barton L Anderson,et al.  The dark side of gloss , 2012, Nature Neuroscience.

[23]  David H Brainard,et al.  Joint effects of illumination geometry and object shape in the perception of surface reflectance , 2011, i-Perception.

[24]  Barton L. Anderson,et al.  Material properties derived from three-dimensional shape representations , 2015, Vision Research.

[25]  M. Carrasco,et al.  Evaluating comparative and equality judgments in contrast perception: attention alters appearance. , 2010, Journal of vision.

[26]  P. Bennett,et al.  Spatiotemporal properties of apparent motion perception and aging. , 2010, Journal of vision.

[27]  Hans-Peter Seidel,et al.  Animating deformable objects using sparse spacetime constraints , 2014, ACM Trans. Graph..

[28]  G. Rybicki Radiative transfer , 2019, Climate Change and Terrestrial Ecosystem Modeling.

[29]  Eli Brenner,et al.  The influence of previously seen objects' sizes in distance judgments. , 2013, Journal of vision.

[30]  D. Levi,et al.  Binocular contrast discrimination needs monocular multiplicative noise , 2013, Journal of vision.

[31]  E. Mingolla,et al.  Perception of surface curvature and direction of illumination from patterns of shading. , 1983, Journal of experimental psychology. Human perception and performance.

[32]  Barton L Anderson,et al.  Generative constraints on image cues for perceived gloss. , 2013, Journal of vision.

[33]  Steve Marschner,et al.  A practical model for subsurface light transport , 2001, SIGGRAPH.

[34]  Juno Kim,et al.  Translucency and the perception of shape. , 2017, Journal of vision.

[35]  Manish Singh,et al.  Toward a perceptual theory of transparency. , 2002, Psychological review.

[36]  Maria Olkkonen,et al.  Perceived glossiness and lightness under real-world illumination. , 2010, Journal of vision.

[37]  Yasushi Yagi,et al.  Shape from Single Scattering for Translucent Objects , 2012, ECCV.

[38]  Paul E. Debevec,et al.  Rendering synthetic objects into real scenes: bridging traditional and image-based graphics with global illumination and high dynamic range photography , 1998, SIGGRAPH '08.

[39]  Pieter Peers,et al.  An empirical study on the effects of translucency on photometric stereo , 2013, The Visual Computer.

[40]  Edward H. Adelson,et al.  Understanding the role of phase function in translucent appearance , 2013, TOGS.

[41]  Edward H. Adelson,et al.  On the appearance of translucent edges , 2015, 2015 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR).

[42]  Stuart Anstis,et al.  Luminance contours can gate afterimage colors and "real" colors. , 2012, Journal of vision.

[43]  Philip Dutré,et al.  The influence of shape on the perception of material reflectance , 2007, ACM Trans. Graph..

[44]  Phillip J. Marlow,et al.  The perception and misperception of optical defocus, shading, and shape , 2019, eLife.

[45]  B. Wandell,et al.  Asymmetric color matching: how color appearance depends on the illuminant. , 1992, Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics and image science.

[46]  Barton L Anderson,et al.  Perception and misperception of surface opacity , 2017, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

[47]  L. Maloney,et al.  Visual Perception of Thick Transparent Materials , 2011, Psychological science.

[48]  Barton L Anderson,et al.  Visual perception of materials and surfaces , 2011, Current Biology.

[49]  Katja Doerschner,et al.  Relative flattening between velvet and matte 3D shapes: evidence for similar shape-from-shading computations. , 2012, Journal of vision.

[50]  G. Orban,et al.  Perception of Three-Dimensional Shape From Specular Highlights, Deformations of Shading, and Other Types of Visual Information , 2004, Psychological science.

[51]  M. Landy,et al.  Conjoint Measurement of Gloss and Surface Texture , 2008, Psychological science.

[52]  Henrik Wann Jensen,et al.  Rendering translucent materials using photon diffusion , 2008, SIGGRAPH '08.

[53]  D. Brainard,et al.  Surface gloss and color perception of 3D objects , 2008, Visual Neuroscience.

[54]  Laurie M. Wilcox,et al.  Perceived three-dimensional shape toggles perceived glow , 2016, Current Biology.