Measurement of changes in cerebral haemodynamics during inspiration and expiration using near infrared spectroscopy.

Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) has been employed over the last decade to monitor the changes in tissue oxygenation of intact organs (Jobsis 1977, Brazy et al. 1985, 1986, Ferrari et al. 1986a, 1986b, Hampson et al. 1988, Reynolds et al. 1988). Quantification of cerebral blood flow (CBF) and cerebral blood volume (CBV) using this technique has been described in both neonates and adults (Edwards et al. 1988, Wyatt et al. 1990, Elwell et al. 1992). An NIRS instrument is now commercially available (NIRO 500, Hamamatsu, Japan) which is capable of measuring the changes in the concentration of cerebral oxy - and deoxyhaemoglobin ([HbO2] and [Hb]) at a rate of 2 Hz. This has allowed the detailed investigation of the haemodynamic effects of respiratory and cardiac manoeuvres over the period of one breath.

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