Prevalence of pathological lesions in 161 nephrectomies: An experience from a teaching hospital in urban industrial area of Maharashtra

Background: Kidneys can be involved in various pathological processes. Nephrectomy is a common procedure in urological practice. Aim: The objective of the present study is to find out the frequency of various neoplastic and non-neoplastic lesions in nephrectomy specimens and to study histomorphological features from a teaching hospital in urban industrial area. Materials and Methods: The study included 161 nephrectomy specimens. Grossly, findings were noted. Detailed histological features were studied. Lesions were broadly categorized into non-neoplastic and neoplastic. Nuclear Grading System was used to grade clear-cell renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and papillary RCC. The International Society of Pediatric Oncology staging was used to stage Wilms', tumors. The staging of RCC was done by tumor, node, and metastasis classification as per the World Health Organization 2016. Other clinical details were correlated with histomorphological features. Results: Of 161 nephrectomy specimens, 81 (50.31%) were males and 80 (49.68%) were females. The mean age was 45.43 (±19.43 standard deviation) years. 115 (71.42%) nephrectomy specimens showed -non-neoplastic lesions and 46 (28.57%) showed neoplastic lesions. The most common non-neoplastic lesions were chronic pyelonephritis in 106 (92.17%) patients. RCC (n = 36) was the most common neoplastic lesion. Conclusion: In developing countries like India, chronic pyelonephritis remains the most common cause of nephrectomy. Nephrectomy due to non-neoplastic lesions is more common in younger age group as compared to neoplastic lesions. Early diagnosis and better treatment modalities for inflammatory lesions of the kidney in the developing countries will reduce the rate of nephrectomies.