General Three-Phase Linear Power Flow for Active Distribution Networks With Good Adaptability Under a Polar Coordinate System

Linear power flow (LPF) is necessary for robust and fast centralized control of active distribution networks (ADNs). With penetration of distributed generators (DGs) into ADN, voltage-controlled nodes are becoming more common, to maintain a normal voltage profile in the distribution network. Existing three-phase LPF formulations under a rectangular coordinate system cannot cope with local voltage-controlled nodes, and does not consider multi-slack-node features of three-phase distribution network, detailed control characteristics and loss participation features of DGs. Here, a general three-phase LPF under a polar coordinate system is presented to address these issues. The proposed method can account for various connection ZIP loads, transformers, and single-phase or three-phase DGs. The detailed control model of the DGs and the distributed slack bus are taken into account. The effectiveness and advantages of the proposed method are validated with balanced 33, 70, 84, 119, and 874-node networks and modified IEEE 13, 34, 37, and 123 unbalanced networks.

[1]  Chongqing Kang,et al.  A State-Independent Linear Power Flow Model with Accurate Estimation of Voltage Magnitude , 2018, 2018 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting (PESGM).

[2]  O. Alsaç,et al.  DC Power Flow Revisited , 2009, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems.

[3]  Sairaj V. Dhople,et al.  Linear approximations to AC power flow in rectangular coordinates , 2015, 2015 53rd Annual Allerton Conference on Communication, Control, and Computing (Allerton).

[4]  Q. Wu,et al.  Approximate Linear Power Flow Using Logarithmic Transform of Voltage Magnitudes With Reactive Power and Transmission Loss Consideration , 2018, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems.

[5]  Hongbin Sun,et al.  Interval Power Flow Analysis Using Linear Relaxation and Optimality-Based Bounds Tightening (OBBT) Methods , 2015 .

[6]  C. Su,et al.  Network Reconfiguration of Distribution Systems Using Improved Mixed-Integer Hybrid Differential Evolution , 2002, IEEE Power Engineering Review.

[7]  Alejandro Garces,et al.  A Linear Three-Phase Load Flow for Power Distribution Systems , 2016, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems.

[8]  S. Zampieri,et al.  On the Existence and Linear Approximation of the Power Flow Solution in Power Distribution Networks , 2014, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems.

[9]  N. Martins,et al.  Three-phase power flow calculations using the current injection method , 2000 .

[10]  Andrey Bernstein,et al.  Linear power-flow models in multiphase distribution networks , 2017, 2017 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference Europe (ISGT-Europe).

[11]  Zhengcai Fu,et al.  An improved TS algorithm for loss-minimum reconfiguration in large-scale distribution systems , 2007 .

[12]  Joydeep Mitra,et al.  Reliability and Sensitivity Analysis of Composite Power Systems Under Emission Constraints , 2014, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems.

[13]  Chongqing Kang,et al.  A Linearized OPF Model With Reactive Power and Voltage Magnitude: A Pathway to Improve the MW-Only DC OPF , 2018, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems.

[14]  Steven H. Low,et al.  Convex relaxations and linear approximation for optimal power flow in multiphase radial networks , 2014, 2014 Power Systems Computation Conference.

[15]  Hongbin Sun,et al.  Interval Power Flow Analysis Using Linear Relaxation and Optimality-Based Bounds Tightening (OBBT) Methods , 2015, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems.

[16]  J. Martí,et al.  Linear Power-Flow Formulation Based on a Voltage-Dependent Load Model , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery.

[17]  Andrey Bernstein,et al.  Load-Flow in Multiphase Distribution Networks: Existence, Uniqueness, and Linear Models , 2017, ArXiv.

[18]  Felix F. Wu,et al.  Network Reconfiguration in Distribution Systems for Loss Reduction and Load Balancing , 1989, IEEE Power Engineering Review.

[19]  Bikash C. Pal,et al.  A Sensitivity Approach to Model Local Voltage Controllers in Distribution Networks , 2014, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems.

[20]  Wenchuan Wu,et al.  A three-phase power flow algorithm for distribution system power flow based on loop-analysis method , 2008 .

[21]  Fangxing Li,et al.  Novel Linearized Power Flow and Linearized OPF Models for Active Distribution Networks With Application in Distribution LMP , 2018, IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid.

[22]  Hai Li,et al.  Linear three-phase power flow for unbalanced active distribution networks with PV nodes , 2017 .

[23]  M. Pereira,et al.  Distribution network reconfiguration under modeling of AC optimal power flow equations: A mixed-integer programming approach , 2013, 2013 IEEE PES Conference on Innovative Smart Grid Technologies (ISGT Latin America).

[24]  Florian Dörfler,et al.  Fast power system analysis via implicit linearization of the power flow manifold , 2015, 2015 53rd Annual Allerton Conference on Communication, Control, and Computing (Allerton).

[25]  Tsai-Hsiang Chen,et al.  Loop frame of reference based three-phase power flow for unbalanced radial distribution systems , 2010 .

[26]  L. Kocar,et al.  Implementation of a Modified Augmented Nodal Analysis Based Transformer Model into the Backward Forward Sweep Solver , 2012, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems.

[27]  Alexandra von Meier,et al.  UC Berkeley Sustainable Infrastructures Title A Linear Power Flow Formulation for Three-Phase Distribution Systems Permalink , 2016 .

[28]  D. Das.  A fuzzy multiobjective approach for network reconfiguration of distribution systems , 2006, IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery.

[29]  J. Martí,et al.  Minimum-loss network reconfiguration: A minimum spanning tree problem , 2015 .

[30]  K.N. Miu,et al.  A network-based distributed slack bus model for DGs in unbalanced power flow studies , 2005, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems.