The purpose of this study is to construct a robot that plays a soprano recorder with realistic sound. Recent years have seen the development of robots that entertain by playing a variety of musical instruments. There have been many reports describing the musical expression of such robots, for example, of robots with artifi cial lips for playing wind instruments. However, robots playing wind instruments often produce artifi cial sounds that diff er considerably from those produced by their human counterparts, particularly when performing special musical eff ects, such as vibrato, tremolo, and tonguing. To build a robot that produces natural soprano recorder sounds matching those produced by a human player, the following procedure was followed. First, the static and dynamic characteristics of the fl ow sensor measuring blown air were calibrated with an unsteady fl ow generator to judge whether the sensor’s performance was suffi ciently accurate. Second, the blown air fl ow rates were measured when human players performed vibrato with a soprano recorder. Finally, the identifi ed fl ow rate model was applied to the robot’s air fl ow rate control system. The fl ow rate was controlled by a spool type servo valve. The sounds produced by the human player and those produced by the robot player were compared using a sound analyzer. The experiment showed that the results obtained for the human player and for the robot agreed very well.