Évaluations des sources primaires et des flux annuels de métaux et de HAP à l’échelle de bassins versants urbains

Cet article presente une double approche d’evaluation des flux annuels de metaux et de HAP dans les eaux pluviales de trois bassins versants urbains d’occupations du sol differentes. Une evaluation des contributions des sources primaires de pollution, par une approche de type « SFA » (analyse de flux de substances) est conduite afin d’identifier la contribution relative des emissions dues a l’automobile (pneus, freins, carburants…), au lessivage des materiaux de construction (couvertures et elements singuliers de toitures) et aux apports atmospheriques. Ces flux sont confrontes a ceux evalues a l’exutoire du reseau pluvial par une methode combinant l’analyse des micropolluants dans un nombre limite d’echantillons d’eaux pluviales et des donnees de mesure en continu de pluie, debit et turbidite. Ce travail permet de mettre en evidence les sources diffuses dominantes, des indicateurs cles pour leur quantification, mais aussi de diagnostiquer des lacunes dans les connaissances actuelles.

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