On the Influence of Scattering From Traffic Signs in Vehicle-to-X Communications

As an important scatterer in vehicle-to-X (V2X) communication scenarios, traffic signs frequently appear along roads and can affect the propagation channel appreciably. Although traffic signs can be considered as an important part in such scattering scenarios, knowledge of their bistatic radar cross section (RCS) is still absent. This paper presents an integration of the analytical models, full-wave simulation, measurement, and validation of the bistatic RCS of three types of representative traffic signs for V2X communication. First, the total RCS of the traffic signs is calculated by summing up the field contributions of the individual parts with their own phase relationships. Furthermore, simulations using full-wave analysis are performed to validate the analytical models for RCSs in the far field under plane-wave illumination. Since the high-frequency calculation techniques used here are applicable only under plane-wave excitation, the traffic-sign parts are divided into small elements, where this precondition is locally valid. Measurements are conducted in an open-area test site at the National Metrology Institute of Germany to validate the model in the near field (spherical wave from a point source). Corresponding comparisons show that the method of decomposing the traffic sign into small parts supports an effective way to embed the analytical models into ray-tracing tools, thus improving propagation modeling in V2X communication.

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