The desired learning outcomes of school-based nutrition/physical activity health education: A health literacy constructed Delphi survey of Finnish experts

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to utilise the collective opinion of a group of Finnish experts to identify the most important learning outcomes of secondary-level school-based health education, in the specific domains of physical activity and nutrition. Design/methodology/approach – The study uses a Delphi survey technique to collect the opinions of a group (panel) of Finnish experts. A list of learning outcomes was compiled via an extensive literature review of documents from all levels of health education (physical activity and nutrition) policy development and implementation. A general inductive analysis method was conducted, resulting in education themes which were then compiled into health literacy-constructed learning outcomes to present to the panel in the two Delphi rounds. Findings – The study question is answered in the form of a ranked list of the 24 most important learning outcomes of physical activity and nutrition education in Finnish schools. The analysis of variance pair-wise compa...

[1]  A. S. Singh,et al.  Tracking of childhood overweight into adulthood: a systematic review of the literature , 2008, Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity.

[2]  Benjamin S. Bloom,et al.  Taxonomy of Educational Objectives: The Classification of Educational Goals. , 1957 .

[3]  M. D. de Villiers,et al.  The Delphi technique in health sciences education research , 2005, Medical teacher.

[4]  T. Tammelin A review of longitudinal studies on youth predictors of adulthood physical activity , 2005, International journal of adolescent medicine and health.

[5]  L. Kannas,et al.  Measuring child and adolescent health literacy: a systematic review of literature , 2013 .

[6]  J. Murry,et al.  Delphi: A Versatile Methodology for Conducting Qualitative Research , 2017 .

[7]  M. Goran Metabolic precursors and effects of obesity in children: a decade of progress, 1990-1999. , 2001, The American journal of clinical nutrition.

[8]  J. Crisp,et al.  The Delphi method? , 1997, Nursing research.

[9]  E. Leeuw The political ecosystem of health literacies. , 2012 .

[10]  R. Brook,et al.  Consensus methods: characteristics and guidelines for use. , 1984, American journal of public health.

[11]  T. Dwyer,et al.  The provision of compulsory school physical activity: Associations with physical activity, fitness and overweight in childhood and twenty years later , 2008, The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity.

[12]  M. Stellefson,et al.  Advantages and Limitations of the e-Delphi Technique , 2012 .

[13]  P. Mullen Delphi: myths and reality. , 2003, Journal of health organization and management.

[14]  D. Nutbeam Health literacy as a public health goal: a challenge for contemporary health education and communication strategies into the 21st century , 2000 .

[15]  N. Bellamy,et al.  Osteoarthritis antirheumatic drug trials. III. Setting the delta for clinical trials--results of a consensus development (Delphi) exercise. , 1992, The Journal of rheumatology.

[16]  K. Tones,et al.  Health Promotion: Planning and Strategies , 2004 .

[17]  C. Powell The Delphi technique: myths and realities. , 2003, Journal of advanced nursing.

[18]  B. Tinsley How Children Learn to be Healthy , 2002 .

[19]  Deborah L. Begoray,et al.  High school health curriculum and health literacy: Canadian student voices , 2009, Global health promotion.

[20]  C M Goodman,et al.  The Delphi technique: a critique. , 1987, Journal of advanced nursing.

[21]  C Hsu,et al.  THE DELPHI TECHNIQUE: MAKING SENSE OF CONSENSUS PRACTICAL ASSESSMENT , 2007 .

[22]  L. Leger,et al.  Schools, health literacy and public health: possibilities and challenges. , 2001 .

[23]  Gerardine Doyle,et al.  Health literacy and public health: A systematic review and integration of definitions and models , 2012, BMC Public Health.

[24]  D. Spruijt-Metz Etiology, Treatment and Prevention of Obesity in Childhood and Adolescence: A Decade in Review. , 2011, Journal of research on adolescence : the official journal of the Society for Research on Adolescence.

[25]  Mark Clayton Delphi: a technique to harness expert opinion for critical decision‐making tasks in education , 1997 .

[26]  Chia-Chien Hsu,et al.  The Delphi Technique: Making Sense of Consensus , 2007 .

[27]  J. Brug,et al.  A school-based intervention to reduce overweight and inactivity in children aged 6–12 years: study design of a randomized controlled trial , 2008, BMC public health.

[28]  Natalie Pearson,et al.  Tracking of sedentary behaviours of young people: a systematic review. , 2010, Preventive medicine.

[29]  F. Hasson,et al.  Research guidelines for the Delphi survey technique. , 2000, Journal of advanced nursing.

[30]  G. Gilbert,et al.  Health Education : Creating Strategies for School and Community Health , 1995 .

[31]  N. Bellamy,et al.  Rheumatoid arthritis antirheumatic drug trials. III. Setting the delta for clinical trials of antirheumatic drugs--results of a consensus development (Delphi) exercise. , 1991, The Journal of rheumatology.

[32]  David R. Thomas,et al.  A General Inductive Approach for Analyzing Qualitative Evaluation Data , 2006 .

[33]  L. Miles,et al.  Physical activity and health , 2007 .

[34]  L. Volicer,et al.  Target outcomes for long-term oral health care in dementia: a Delphi approach. , 2000, Journal of public health dentistry.

[35]  Leena Paakkari,et al.  Health literacy as a learning outcome in schools , 2012 .

[36]  J. Manganello Health literacy and adolescents: a framework and agenda for future research. , 2007, Health education research.

[37]  Howard B. Lee,et al.  Foundations of Behavioral Research , 1973 .

[38]  D. Jourdan Health education in schools : The challenge of teacher training. , 2011 .

[39]  D. Borzekowski Considering children and health literacy: a theoretical approach. , 2009, Pediatrics.

[40]  Holly Powell Kennedy,et al.  Enhancing Delphi research: methods and results. , 2004, Journal of advanced nursing.